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Related Concept Videos

Types of Selection01:46

Types of Selection

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Natural selection influences the frequencies of particular alleles and phenotypes within populations in several different ways. Primarily, natural selection can be directional, stabilizing, or disruptive. Directional selection favors one extreme trait and shifts the population towards that phenotype while selecting against individuals displaying alternate traits. Stabilizing selection favors an intermediate trait with a narrow range of variation. Deviation from the optimal phenotype towards an...
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Frequency-dependent Selection01:21

Frequency-dependent Selection

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When the fitness of a trait is influenced by how common it is (i.e., its frequency) relative to different traits within a population, this is referred to as frequency-dependent selection. Frequency-dependent selection may occur between species or within a single species. This type of selection can either be positive—with more common phenotypes having higher fitness—or negative, with rarer phenotypes conferring increased fitness.
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Limits to Natural Selection01:38

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Organisms that are well-adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce. However, natural selection does not lead to perfectly adapted organisms. Several factors constrain natural selection.
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Ecological Disturbance02:26

Ecological Disturbance

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An ecological disturbance is a temporary disruption in the environment resulting from abiotic, biotic, or anthropogenic factors, causing a pronounced change in an ecosystem. The impact of an ecological disturbance, which can depend on its intensity, frequency, and spatial distribution, plays a significant role in shaping the species diversity within the ecosystem.
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Genetic Drift03:33

Genetic Drift

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Natural selection—probably the most well-known evolutionary mechanism—increases the prevalence of traits that enhance survival and reproduction. However, evolution does not merely propagate favorable traits, nor does it always benefit populations.
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Speciation Rates01:07

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Fisheries-induced disruptive selection.

Pietro Landi1, Cang Hui2, Ulf Dieckmann3

  • 1Department of Eletronics, Information, and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Via Ponzio 34/5, 20133 Milano, Italy.

Journal of Theoretical Biology
|December 3, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Commercial fishing can drive fish populations to evolve, potentially leading to trait diversification. This study models how fisheries and fish stocks coevolve, revealing that disruptive selection can occur, impacting fish maturation and size. Management strategies should consider these evolutionary dynamics.

Keywords:
Adaptive dynamicsCoevolutionEvolutionary branchingFisheries-induced evolutionSize at maturation

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Fisheries Science

Background:

  • Commercial fishing pressures can induce adaptive evolutionary responses in fish life-history traits, particularly maturation timing and size.
  • Fisheries themselves adapt through policy, technology, and harvest strategies, creating a coevolutionary dynamic with target fish stocks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how the interplay between natural and artificial selection in a coevolving fishery-stock system can lead to disruptive selection and trait diversification.
  • To assess the influence of fishing policy, mortality, harvest specialization, and life-history trade-offs on the likelihood of disruptive selection.

Main Methods:

  • Development of an eco-evolutionary model for a size-structured fish population.
  • Incorporation of adaptive maturation schedules for the stock and adaptive harvest rates for the fishery.
  • Utilisation of numerical bifurcation analysis to explore parameter space and identify conditions favoring disruptive selection.

Main Results:

  • Fisheries-induced disruptive selection is common, even with non-specific policies, if harvest is adaptive and targets large individuals intensively.
  • Disruptive selection is more probable in stocks with strong natural selection for early maturation and significant life-history trade-offs.
  • Overexploited fisheries targeting large fish may slightly increase sustainable yield via trait diversification, though yield remains below maximum sustainable levels.

Conclusions:

  • Coevolution between fisheries and fish stocks can readily generate disruptive selection and trait diversification.
  • Understanding these eco-evolutionary dynamics is crucial for designing effective, evolutionarily informed fisheries management regimes.
  • Management strategies should account for the adaptive capacity of both fish populations and fishing practices to ensure long-term sustainability.