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Simultaneous EEG Monitoring During Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation
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Methods for specific electrode resistance measurement during transcranial direct current stimulation.

Niranjan Khadka1, Asif Rahman1, Chris Sarantos1

  • 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York, CUNY, 160 Convent Ave., New York 10031, USA.

Brain Stimulation
|December 3, 2014
PubMed
Summary

A new method uses a superimposed test signal to monitor individual electrode resistance during transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). This approach enhances safety and tolerability by reliably tracking electrode impedance, even in multi-electrode systems.

Keywords:
Brain stimulationElectrode impedanceElectrode resistanceNeuromodulationTissue resistancetDCS

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Electrical Engineering

Background:

  • Electrode resistance monitoring is crucial for transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) safety and tolerability.
  • Conventional methods fail to isolate individual electrode resistance, especially in high-definition tDCS (HD-tDCS) due to crosstalk.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a novel method for monitoring individual electrode resistance during tDCS.
  • To utilize a superimposed test signal with electrode-specific frequencies and a sentinel electrode for accurate resistance measurement.

Main Methods:

  • Developed and validated lumped-parameter models for tDCS electrodes.
  • Tested methodology in human participants with forearm stimulation and an in vitro test.
  • Applied tDCS with superimposed low-frequency sinusoidal test signals and recorded voltages.

Main Results:

  • A sentinel electrode is essential for isolating resistance in two-electrode tDCS systems.
  • Proposed methods can correct for crosstalk and resistance mismatch in multi-electrode configurations.
  • No significant differences in voltage or pain were observed across varying test signal intensities and frequencies.

Conclusions:

  • The developed method accurately predicts direct current (DC) electrode resistance using a test signal.
  • Specific electrode resistance can be resolved for any number of channels by using unique test frequencies per electrode.
  • Employing a sentinel electrode further enhances the robustness of this resistance monitoring technique.