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Related Concept Videos

Probiotics01:22

Probiotics

244
Probiotics are live, non-pathogenic microorganisms that confer health benefits by modulating the gut microbiota. The human gastrointestinal tract harbors a complex microbial ecosystem, and the balance of this microbiota is crucial for digestive and systemic health. Among the most extensively studied and utilized probiotics are species formerly classified within the genera Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium. These organisms not only naturally colonize the human gut but are also consumed through...
244
Development of Human Microbiota01:30

Development of Human Microbiota

53
The human microbiota begins developing at birth and undergoes continual change as we age. Infancy marks a critical period of microbial sensitivity, offering a “window of opportunity” during which beneficial microbes help mature the immune system. By age three, children typically develop a more stable and diverse microbial community. Newborns acquire microbes from their immediate environment; vaginal delivery favors maternal vaginal microbes, while cesarean births favor microbes from...
53
Microbiota of the Large Intestine01:27

Microbiota of the Large Intestine

83
The large intestine hosts the most densely populated microbial ecosystem in the human body. This complex community primarily consists of anaerobic bacteria, with Bacillota (formerly Firmicutes) and Bacteroidota (formerly Bacteroidetes) as the predominant groups. The distribution of these microbes varies along different sections of the large intestine, influenced by local environmental factors such as oxygen availability and nutrient composition.The cecum, located at the beginning of the large...
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Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics01:29

Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics

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Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.
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Microbiota of the Stomach and Small Intestine01:27

Microbiota of the Stomach and Small Intestine

67
The human gastrointestinal (GI) tract is characterized by distinct physicochemical conditions that shape its microbial communities. Among these, the stomach presents a particularly challenging environment for microbial colonization due to its highly acidic pH, ranging from 1 to 3. This extreme acidity effectively limits microbial density. However, certain acid-tolerant microorganisms are capable of surviving in this niche. Notably, Helicobacter pylori can colonize the gastric mucosa,...
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Microbes in the Production of Fermented Foods01:27

Microbes in the Production of Fermented Foods

263
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and molds are instrumental in fermenting plant-based foods to enhance preservation and ensure year-round availability. These microbial processes convert plant carbohydrates into organic acids and other metabolites that inhibit spoilage organisms and contribute to the sensory qualities of the final product.In sauerkraut production, cabbage goes through a microbial succession that starts with cocci such as Leuconostoc mesenteroides. These microbes begin fermentation by...
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Novel Production Protocol for Small-scale Manufacture of Probiotic Fermented Foods
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Probiotics: an update.

Yvan Vandenplas1, Geert Huys2, Georges Daube3

  • 1UZ Brussel, Department of Pediatrics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.

Jornal De Pediatria
|December 3, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Probiotics, beneficial bacteria for gut health, show increasing clinical evidence for treating gastrointestinal issues, especially in children. Stricter regulations are needed for health claims, with Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and Saccharomyces boulardii being well-researched strains.

Keywords:
BifidobacteriaBifidobactériasGastro-intestinal microbiotaLactobacillusMicrobiomaMicrobiomeMicrobiota gastrointestinalProbioticProbiótico

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Growing understanding links intestinal microbiome balance to overall health.
  • Dysbiosis (imbalanced microbiome) is associated with various gastrointestinal and extra-intestinal diseases.
  • Interest in probiotics for health benefits is rapidly increasing, particularly for pediatric applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent literature on probiotics, covering definitions and clinical benefits.
  • To emphasize the role and evidence of probiotics in children's health.
  • To address the regulatory landscape and substantiation of health claims for probiotic products.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of PubMed, CINAHL, and consensus statements.
  • Analysis of studies focusing on probiotic efficacy and safety.
  • Evaluation of evidence supporting health claims for commercialized probiotics.

Main Results:

  • Probiotics are primarily indicated for gastrointestinal disorders but show emerging extra-intestinal benefits.
  • Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and Saccharomyces boulardii are the most extensively studied probiotic strains.
  • While generally safe, some probiotics are marketed with unsubstantiated health claims, necessitating stringent validation (e.g., two randomized controlled trials).

Conclusions:

  • Improved regulation for probiotics is ongoing but requires further stringency.
  • Clinical evidence supporting probiotic benefits is accumulating but remains insufficient in many areas.
  • Potential drawbacks include misuse and the use of unvalidated probiotic products.