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Related Concept Videos

Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology01:15

Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

5
An ischemic stroke occurs when a cerebral blood vessel becomes obstructed, most often by a thrombus or embolus, interrupting the delivery of oxygen and glucose to brain tissue. Because neurons rely on continuous aerobic metabolism, energy failure begins within minutes of reduced perfusion. The region receiving the least blood flow becomes the infarct core, an area of irreversible cellular death. Surrounding this core lies the penumbra, a zone of hypoperfused but still viable tissue that is...
5
Ischemic Stroke l: Introduction01:15

Ischemic Stroke l: Introduction

7
Ischemic stroke is an acute cerebrovascular condition in which blood flow to a brain region is suddenly interrupted, leading to tissue infarction. Neurons depend on continuous oxygen and glucose supply, so even brief reductions in perfusion cause energy failure, ionic imbalance, and irreversible injury. Ischemic strokes are classified into thrombotic and embolic types based on their underlying mechanisms.Thrombotic MechanismsThrombotic stroke develops when a clot forms within a cerebral artery.
7
Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology01:29

Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

6
A hemorrhagic stroke develops when a cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to escape into the surrounding brain tissue, as in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), or into the subarachnoid space, as in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Because the skull is a rigid compartment, the sudden presence of extravascular blood rapidly increases intracranial pressure and compresses adjacent neural structures, leading to immediate tissue injury and impaired cerebral perfusion.Mass Effect and Primary...
6
Hemorrhagic Stroke l: Introduction01:17

Hemorrhagic Stroke l: Introduction

4
A hemorrhagic stroke is an acute neurological event that occurs when a weakened cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to accumulate within or around the brain. The sudden release of blood forms a focal hematoma that increases intracranial pressure, displaces neural tissue, and can obstruct cerebrospinal fluid pathways. These effects may be compounded by intraventricular extension of the hemorrhage, cerebral edema, or compression of adjacent structures, all of which contribute to...
4
Stroke: Introduction and Types01:29

Stroke: Introduction and Types

7
A stroke is an acute neurological event caused by the sudden disruption of cerebral blood flow, leading to rapid loss of neuronal function. Neurons depend on continuous oxygen and glucose supply, so even brief interruptions can cause irreversible injury within minutes. Strokes are classified into ischemic and hemorrhagic types.Ischemic StrokeIschemic strokes are most common and occur due to arterial occlusion, depriving brain tissue of oxygen and nutrients. This leads to energy failure, ionic...
7

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Related Experiment Video

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A Thrombotic Stroke Model Based On Transient Cerebral Hypoxia-ischemia
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Biotherapies in stroke.

O Detante1, A Jaillard2, A Moisan3

  • 1University Hospital of Grenoble, Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, CS 10217, boulevard de la Chantourne, 38700 La Tronche, France; Inserm, U 836, BP 170, 38042 Grenoble cedex 9, France; Grenoble University, Grenoble Institute of Neurosciences (Team 5), BP 170, 38042 Grenoble cedex 9, France; Kyoto University, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Department of Reparative Materials, 606-8507 Kyoto, Japan.

Revue Neurologique
|December 3, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Biotherapies show promise for stroke recovery by promoting neuroprotection and repair. Further research is needed to optimize treatments, including cell types and delivery methods, for better patient outcomes.

Keywords:
Cell therapyCellule soucheNeural repairPlasticityPlasticitéRégénérationStem cellsThérapie cellulaireTransplantation

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide.
  • Endogenous repair mechanisms post-stroke are often insufficient for full recovery.
  • Previous neuroprotective drug trials have yielded limited clinical benefits, highlighting the need for novel therapeutic strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the potential of biotherapies, including growth factors and therapeutic cells, for stroke treatment.
  • To discuss the mechanisms of action, therapeutic potential, and challenges associated with biotherapies.
  • To explore future perspectives in stroke biotherapy, such as combinatorial approaches and biomaterials.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on neuroprotection and neuroregeneration in stroke.
  • Analysis of different biotherapy types, including growth factors and various cell sources (e.g., stem cells, neural stem/progenitor cells).
  • Discussion of mechanisms, safety considerations, and clinical trial data.

Main Results:

  • Biotherapies can promote neuroprotection and delayed neural repair through multiple mechanisms like neurogenesis, angiogenesis, and immunomodulation.
  • Different cell types, such as mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) and neural stem/progenitor cells (NSC), offer distinct therapeutic benefits.
  • A wide therapeutic time window exists for biotherapy application, but optimal parameters require further investigation.

Conclusions:

  • Biotherapies represent a promising regenerative strategy for stroke, offering a broad therapeutic window.
  • Further translational research is essential to refine treatment protocols, including cell selection, delivery routes, and dosage.
  • Combinatorial approaches and biomaterial development hold potential for enhancing future stroke biotherapies and reducing patient disability.