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Related Concept Videos

Proteomics01:33

Proteomics

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A proteome is the entire set of proteins that a cell type produces. We can study proteomes using the knowledge of genomes because genes code for mRNAs, and the mRNAs encode proteins. Although mRNA analysis is a step in the right direction, not all mRNAs are translated into proteins.
Proteomics is the study of proteomes' function. It involves the large-scale systematic study of the proteome to denote the protein complement expressed by a genome. Scientist Mark Wilkins coined the term...
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RNA-seq03:21

RNA-seq

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RNA sequencing, or RNA-Seq, is a high-throughput sequencing technology used to study the transcriptome of a cell. Transcriptomics helps to interpret the functional elements of a genome and identify the molecular constituents of an organism. Additionally, it also helps in understanding the development of an organism and the occurrence of diseases. 
Before the discovery of RNA-seq, microarray-based methods and Sanger sequencing were used for transcriptome analysis. However, while...
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Ribosome Profiling02:24

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Ribosome profiling or ribo-sequencing is a deep sequencing technique that produces a snapshot of active translation in a cell. It selectively sequences the mRNAs protected by ribosomes to get an insight into a cell’s translation landscape at any given point in time.
Applications of ribosome profiling
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Peptide Identification Using Tandem Mass Spectrometry01:33

Peptide Identification Using Tandem Mass Spectrometry

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Tandem mass spectrometry, also known as MS/MS or MS2, is an analytical technique that employs two mass analyzers. Essentially it is a series of mass spectrometers that helps isolate a particular biomolecule and then helps study its chemical properties.
This technique helps gather information regarding the protein from which the peptide was obtained and to study the peptides’ amino acid sequence. Identifying peptides from a complex mixture is an important component of the growing field of...
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Sanger Sequencing01:57

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DNA sequencing is a fundamental technique that is routinely used in the biological sciences. This method can be applied to a range of questions at different scales - from the sequencing of a cloned DNA fragment or the study of a mutation in a gene up to whole-genome sequencing. However, despite the widespread use of sequencing today, it was not until 1977 that Fredrick Sanger and his collaborators developed the chain-termination method to decode DNA sequences. It relies on the separation of a...
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Next-generation Sequencing03:00

Next-generation Sequencing

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The first human genome sequencing project cost $2.7 billion and was declared complete in 2003, after 15 years of international cooperation and collaboration between several research teams and funding agencies. Today, with the advent of next-generation sequencing technologies, the cost and time of sequencing a human genome have dropped over 100 fold.
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Deep Proteome Profiling by Isobaric Labeling, Extensive Liquid Chromatography, Mass Spectrometry, and Software-assisted Quantification
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Proteome sequencing goes deep.

Alicia L Richards1, Anna E Merrill2, Joshua J Coon3

  • 1Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, United States; Genome Center of Wisconsin, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 425 Henry Mall, Madison, WI 53706, United States.

Current Opinion in Chemical Biology
|December 3, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Mass spectrometry (MS) has revolutionized protein identification, enabling rapid characterization of thousands of human proteins. This advancement significantly deepens our understanding of proteome variation and its implications.

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Area of Science:

  • Proteomics
  • Biochemistry
  • Analytical Chemistry

Background:

  • Protein characterization was historically challenging, especially from complex biological samples.
  • Identifying proteins from simple matrices like yeast was a significant hurdle.
  • Previous methods limited the scope and depth of proteomic analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the transformative impact of mass spectrometry (MS) on protein characterization.
  • To showcase the current capabilities in identifying human proteins.
  • To emphasize the potential of deep proteomic data in understanding biological variation.

Main Methods:

  • Advances in mass spectrometry (MS) technology.
  • Improvements across the entire shotgun proteomics workflow, including sample processing.
  • Enhanced data analysis techniques for large-scale proteomic datasets.

Main Results:

  • Current MS techniques allow for the identification of hundreds of proteins from simple matrices.
  • Expression of over half of the estimated 20,000 human protein-coding genes can now be confirmed.
  • Minute sample quantities are sufficient for comprehensive proteomic analysis.

Conclusions:

  • Mass spectrometry has dramatically expanded the possibilities in protein characterization.
  • Unprecedented depths of proteomic information are now accessible.
  • These advancements promise to revolutionize the understanding of proteome variation and its role in health and disease.