New approaches for CMOS-based devices for large-scale neural recording.

Area of Science:

• Neuroscience
• Bioengineering
• Electrical Engineering

Background:

• Understanding neural network interactions requires large-scale in vivo neural recording.
• Classical wire electrodes have limitations in channel count and density.
• Advancements in microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) offer improved electrophysiological recording capabilities.

Purpose of the Study:

• To introduce and detail a novel MEMS-based multichannel electrode array system.
• To highlight the system's capabilities for high-density, large-scale in vivo neural recording.
• To demonstrate the integration of CMOS circuitry and switch matrices for enhanced channel addressing and data handling.

Main Methods:

• Utilizing MEMS technology for fabricating multichannel electrode arrays.
• Employing hybrid integration of CMOS circuitry for on-chip signal preprocessing and data handling.
• Incorporating a switch matrix for electrode selection co-integrated onto slender probe shafts.
• Leveraging integrated circuit (IC) fabrication technologies for probe realization.

Main Results:

• Achieved significantly higher channel counts compared to classical wire electrodes.
• Demonstrated recording systems with modest interconnection overhead through hybrid CMOS integration.
• Enabled further increase in addressable channels via integrated switch matrices.
• Realized probes with the highest recording site densities along the entire shaft length.

Conclusions:

• MEMS-based multichannel electrode arrays represent a significant technological advancement for in vivo neural recording.
• The developed system facilitates the elucidation of neural interactions within large networks at the single-unit activity level.
• High recording site densities and efficient data handling pave the way for more comprehensive neuroscience research.