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Quantifying the total ionic release from nanoparticles after particle-cell contact.

Xiao He1, Yuanyuan Pan, Junzhe Zhang

  • 1Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Radiation and Nuclear Energy Technology, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Rare earth oxide nanoparticles show cytotoxicity to E. coli. Particle-cell contact enhances nanoparticle dissolution, increasing ion toxicity and potentially causing misinterpretation of particle-specific toxicity.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Toxicology
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Assessing nanoparticle (NP) hazards requires understanding their microbial toxicity.
  • The particle-specific toxicity of NPs remains a controversial topic.
  • Rare earth oxides (REOs) are increasingly used, necessitating toxicity assessments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the toxic impacts of four rare earth oxide nanoparticles (La2O3, CeO2, Gd2O3, Yb2O3) on Escherichia coli (E. coli).
  • To quantitatively measure NP dissolution in the presence of E. coli.
  • To determine if particle-cell contact influences NP dissolution and subsequent ion toxicity.

Main Methods:

  • Exposure of E. coli to four types of rare earth oxide nanoparticles.
  • Assessment of cytotoxicity against E. coli.
  • Quantitative measurement of NP dissolution using X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) spectroscopy after particle-cell contact.

Main Results:

  • All tested rare earth oxide nanoparticles exhibited cytotoxicity against E. coli.
  • NPs-cell contact significantly facilitated NP dissolution.
  • Enhanced ionic release at the particle-cell interface led to increased ion-related toxicity.

Conclusions:

  • Ion-related toxicity of nanoparticles may be underestimated if dissolution due to particle-cell contact is ignored.
  • Overlooking enhanced dissolution can lead to misinterpretations of particle-specific toxicity.
  • This study provides the first determination of total NP dissolution after particle-cell contact, advancing mechanistic understanding of dissolvable metal-based NP toxicity.