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Nitrogen is an essential element in biological systems, forming a crucial component of proteins, nucleic acids, and other cellular constituents. Many bacteria and archaea acquire nitrogen in the form of nitrate (NO₃⁻) or ammonia (NH₃), which are then assimilated into biomolecules through specific enzymatic pathways.Assimilatory Nitrate ReductionWhen nitrate enters the cell, it undergoes a two-step reduction process known as assimilatory nitrate reduction. Initially, the enzyme...
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Bioreactors are engineered vessels designed to cultivate microorganisms under controlled conditions for industrial bioprocessing. They maintain sterility and allow precise regulation of pH, temperature, oxygen, and nutrient levels to optimize microbial growth and metabolite production. Bioreactors range from small laboratory units of 1 liter to industrial systems holding up to 500,000 liters, though only about 75% of their volume is actively used for fermentation. The remaining headspace...
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Simultaneous anammox and denitrification (SAD) process in sequencing batch reactors.

Masashi Takekawa1, Giri Park1, Satoshi Soda1

  • 1Division of Sustainable Energy and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.

Bioresource Technology
|December 3, 2014
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Summary

The simultaneous anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) and heterotrophic denitrification (SAD) process effectively removes total nitrogen (T-N) from wastewater. This process is efficient across a wide range of carbon-to-nitrogen (C/N) ratios, showing high anammox contribution at lower ratios.

Keywords:
Anaerobic ammonium oxidationC/N ratioDenitrification

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Microbiology
  • Water Treatment Engineering

Background:

  • Nitrogen pollution from wastewater poses significant environmental challenges.
  • Simultaneous anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) and heterotrophic denitrification (SAD) offers a promising biological treatment approach.
  • Optimizing SAD process performance across varying wastewater compositions is crucial for effective nitrogen removal.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the efficacy of the SAD process for nitrogen removal in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR).
  • To evaluate the impact of different total organic carbon/nitrate (C/N) ratios on SAD process performance.
  • To determine the contribution of anammox and heterotrophic denitrification under varying C/N ratios.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) inoculated with suspended activated sludge and immobilized anammox sludge.
  • Fed synthetic wastewater with controlled nitrate, ammonium, and acetate concentrations.
  • Operated the SBR at various total organic carbon/nitrate (C/N) ratios ranging from 0.5 to 2.5.

Main Results:

  • The SAD process achieved high total nitrogen (T-N) removal rates, ranging from 58% to 94%.
  • At low C/N ratios (0.5-1.0), anammox contributed significantly (80-100%), leading to effective nitrate and ammonium removal.
  • At high C/N ratios (1.2-2.5), heterotrophic denitrification predominated, maintaining T-N removal between 67% and 79%.

Conclusions:

  • The SAD process demonstrates robust and effective nitrogen removal capabilities in SBRs.
  • The process is adaptable to a wide spectrum of C/N ratios, with varying contributions from anammox and heterotrophic denitrification.
  • This study highlights the versatility of the SAD process for treating nitrogen-rich wastewater.