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Updated: Apr 20, 2026

Influence of Hybrid Perovskite Fabrication Methods on Film Formation, Electronic Structure, and Solar Cell Performance
Published on: February 27, 2017
Efficiency enhancement of planar perovskite solar cells by adding zwitterion/LiF double interlayers for electron
Kuan Sun1, Jingjing Chang, Furkan Halis Isikgor
1Department of Materials Science & Engineering, National University of Singapore, 7 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117574. mseoj@nus.edu.sg.
Abstract:
Double interlayers consisting of a zwitterionic small molecule layer and a LiF layer were introduced between the electron transport layer and the cathode of perovskite solar cells. The double interlayers improve the photovoltaic efficiency to 13.2%, which is higher than that of control devices without the double interlayer (9.2%) or with LiF (11.0%) or rhodamine 101 zwitterion (12.1%) alone.
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