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Related Concept Videos

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational01:22

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Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
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Pathophysiology of Diabetes01:20

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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
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Diabetes Mellitus: Introduction01:26

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Diabetes mellitus consists of chronic metabolic disorders characterized by persistent hyperglycemia. This elevated blood glucose results from defects in insulin secretion, impaired insulin action, or both. Insulin, produced by pancreatic β-cells, is essential for maintaining glucose homeostasis by facilitating cellular glucose uptake for energy or storage. Disruptions in insulin production or function lead to glucose accumulation in the bloodstream, causing the clinical features and...
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Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications01:15

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For most patients, experiencing several weeks of polyuria, polydipsia, fatigue, and significant weight loss may indicate the presence of diabetes. Furthermore, adults displaying the phenotypic appearance of type 2 diabetes (particularly those who are obese and not initially insulin-requiring), may have islet cell autoantibodies, suggesting autoimmune-mediated β cell destruction and a diagnosis of latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA). The categorization of glucose homeostasis is...
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Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype01:22

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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
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Type II Diabetes Mellitus III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis01:25

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Type 2 diabetes mellitus develops gradually and is often asymptomatic in early stages.Clinical ManifestationsWhen symptoms appear, they include fatigue, blurred vision, pruritus, delayed wound healing, and recurrent infections, particularly candidal infections. Peripheral neuropathy may present as numbness or tingling in the extremities. Classic hyperglycemia symptoms—polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia—are less common. Most patients are overweight and frequently have associated...
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Author Spotlight: Enhancing the Offspring Health in Rats with Maternal Exercise During Pregnancy
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Diabetes and pregnancy.

Emma G Wilmot1, Peter Mansell2

  • 1Royal Derby Hospital, Derby, UK emma.g.wilmot@gmail.com.

Clinical Medicine (London, England)
|December 4, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Diabetes in pregnancy, both gestational and pre-existing, poses risks like birth trauma and neonatal hypoglycemia. This review covers complications and discusses controversies in diagnosing gestational diabetes.

Keywords:
International Association of the Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups (IADPSG)Pregnancydiabetesgestational diabetesteratogen

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Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Endocrinology
  • Neonatal Medicine

Background:

  • Increasing prevalence of diabetes in pregnant women, encompassing both gestational diabetes and pre-existing conditions.
  • Diabetes during pregnancy is linked to adverse maternal and fetal outcomes.
  • Pre-existing diabetes in pregnancy introduces additional risks, including congenital anomalies and perinatal mortality.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the spectrum of complications associated with diabetes in pregnancy.
  • To highlight current controversies in the diagnostic criteria for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on diabetes in pregnancy.
  • Synthesis of data on adverse pregnancy outcomes related to maternal diabetes.
  • Analysis of recent debates concerning GDM diagnosis.

Main Results:

  • Diabetes in pregnancy is associated with significant risks such as birth trauma, neonatal hypoglycemia, macrosomia, and pre-eclampsia.
  • Women with pre-existing diabetes face elevated risks of congenital defects and increased perinatal mortality.
  • Recent discussions highlight ongoing debates regarding the optimal methods for diagnosing gestational diabetes.

Conclusions:

  • Effective management of diabetes in pregnancy is crucial to mitigate adverse outcomes.
  • Further research and consensus are needed to refine gestational diabetes diagnostic criteria.
  • Awareness of the risks and diagnostic controversies is essential for clinical practice.