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Current progress of genetically engineered pig models for biomedical research.

Gökhan Gün1, Wilfried A Kues2

  • 1Department of Biotechnology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut , Institut für Nutztiergenetik, Mariensee, Neustadt, Germany . ; Molecular Biology & Genetics, Istanbul Technical University , Istanbul, Turkey . ; Histology and Embryology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University , Istanbul, Turkey .

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|December 4, 2014
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Summary

Transgenic pigs, initially for agriculture, are now key for biomedical research. Advanced genetic engineering techniques enhance their utility in disease modeling due to human-like physiology.

Keywords:
binary transposondisease modeldomestic animalhumanized piglarge animal modelprogrammable nuclease

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Area of Science:

  • Animal Biotechnology
  • Genetic Engineering
  • Biomedical Research

Background:

  • Transgenic pig generation began ~30 years ago for agriculture.
  • Micromanipulation techniques have evolved significantly over time.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the evolution of transgenic pig generation techniques.
  • To highlight the current and future applications of genetically engineered pigs in biomedical research.

Main Methods:

  • Evolution from passive transgenesis (random DNA integration) to active genetic engineering (using enzymes like transposases, recombinases, nucleases).
  • Advancements in micromanipulation: pronuclear injection, somatic cell nuclear transfer, intracytoplasmic sperm injection, lentiviral transduction, cytoplasmic injection.
  • Integration of whole-genome sequencing and advanced pig genome maps.

Main Results:

  • Development of diverse and efficient genetic engineering techniques for pigs.
  • Significant improvements in efficiency and cost reduction for generating genetically engineered pigs.
  • Established role of genetically engineered pigs in biomedical disease modeling.

Conclusions:

  • Genetically engineered pigs are increasingly vital tools in biomedical research.
  • Pigs offer valuable human-like physiological, metabolic, and pathological similarities for disease modeling.
  • Future applications are expected to expand due to enhanced generation efficiency and reduced costs.