Protein microgels from amyloid fibril networks

Area of Science:

• Biomaterials Science
• Nanotechnology
• Protein Engineering

Background:

• Protein nanofibrils, initially linked to pathology, are now recognized for diverse natural functions.
• These include roles as catalytic scaffolds and bacterial coatings, highlighting their versatility.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the use of protein nanofibrils for creating functional microgels and gel shells.
• To explore the potential of these protein microgels as drug delivery agents.
• To demonstrate the controlled release of encapsulated molecules and the in situ modulation of material properties.

Main Methods:

• Fabrication of monodisperse microgels and gel shells using naturally occurring protein nanofibrils.
• Encapsulation and controlled release studies of small molecules and proteins.
• Assessment of in situ network density modulation via continued protein nanofibril self-assembly.
• Evaluation of material cytotoxicity to human cells and impact on antibiotic efficacy.

Main Results:

• Successfully formed monodisperse protein microgels and gel shells from naturally occurring proteins.
• Demonstrated controlled release of four drug-like small molecules and component proteins.
• Showcased in situ modulation of network density through continued self-assembly.
• Confirmed non-toxicity to human cells and enhanced antibiotic efficacy compared to solution delivery.

Conclusions:

• Protein nanofibril microgels are a promising class of functional artificial multiscale materials.
• Their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and controlled release capabilities make them ideal for drug delivery.
• These materials offer tunable properties and enhanced therapeutic potential, derived from natural building blocks.