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Related Concept Videos

Thermal Stress01:09

Thermal Stress

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If the temperature of an object is changed while it is prevented from expanding or contracting, the object is subjected to stress. The stress is compressive if the object expands in the absence of constraint and tensile if it contracts. This stress resulting from temperature change is known as thermal stress. It can be quite large and can cause damage. To avoid this stress, engineers may design components so they can expand and contract freely. For instance, on highways, gaps are deliberately...
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Responses to Heat and Cold Stress02:45

Responses to Heat and Cold Stress

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Every organism has an optimum temperature range within which healthy growth and physiological functioning can occur. At the ends of this range, there will be a minimum and maximum temperature that interrupt biological processes.
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Standing Waves01:17

Standing Waves

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Sometimes waves do not seem to move; rather, they just vibrate in place. Unmoving waves can be seen on the surface of a glass of milk kept in a refrigerator, which is one example of standing waves. Vibrations from the refrigerator motor create waves on the milk that oscillate up and down but do not seem to move across the surface. These waves are formed or created by the superposition of two or more identical moving waves in opposite directions. The waves move through each other, with their...
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Propagation of Waves01:07

Propagation of Waves

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When a wave propagates from one medium to another, part of it may get reflected in the first medium, and part of it may get transmitted to the second medium. In such a case, the interface of the two mediums can be considered as a boundary that is neither fixed nor free.
Consider a scenario where a wave propagates from a string of low linear mass density to a string of high linear mass density. In such a case, the reflected wave is out of phase with respect to the incident wave, however the...
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Thermal expansion and Thermal stress: Problem Solving01:27

Thermal expansion and Thermal stress: Problem Solving

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San Francisco's Golden Gate Bridge is exposed to temperatures ranging from -15 °C to 40 °C. At its coldest, the main span of the bridge is 1275 m long. Assuming that the bridge is made entirely of steel, what is the change in its length between these temperatures?
To solve the problem, first, identify the known and unknown quantities. The initial length (L) of the bridge is 1275 m, the coefficient of linear expansion (α) for steel is 12 x 10-6/°C, and the change in temperature (ΔT) is 55...
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Responses to Salt Stress02:02

Responses to Salt Stress

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Salt stress—which can be triggered by high salt concentrations in a plant’s environment—can significantly affect plant growth and crop production by influencing photosynthesis and the absorption of water and nutrients.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 20, 2026

Physiological Characterization of the Coral Holobiont Using a New Micro-Respirometry Tool
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Large-amplitude internal waves benefit corals during thermal stress.

M Wall1, L Putchim2, G M Schmidt3

  • 1Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Center for Polar and Marine Research, Am Alten Hafen 26, 27568 Bremerhaven, Germany GEOMAR, Helmholtz Center for Ocean Research, Marine Geosystems, Wischhofstraße 1-3, 24148 Kiel, Germany mwall@geomar.de.

Proceedings. Biological Sciences
|December 5, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Large-amplitude internal waves (LAIW) protect tropical corals from global warming impacts. These waves deliver cold water, reducing coral bleaching and mortality in shallow areas, creating vital refugia.

Keywords:
coolingcoral bleachingglobal warminglarge-amplitude internal wavessolitons

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Multimodal Optical Microscopy Methods Reveal Polyp Tissue Morphology and Structure in Caribbean Reef Building Corals
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Multimodal Optical Microscopy Methods Reveal Polyp Tissue Morphology and Structure in Caribbean Reef Building Corals
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Area of Science:

  • Marine Biology
  • Oceanography
  • Climate Change Science

Background:

  • Tropical corals are vulnerable to rising sea surface temperatures (SSTs) due to global warming.
  • Elevated SSTs cause coral bleaching and mortality by disrupting coral-algal symbiosis.
  • Local variations in coral bleaching severity are not fully explained by regional SST anomalies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of internal waves in local coral bleaching and mortality patterns.
  • To understand how internal wave activity mitigates or exacerbates coral bleaching during thermal stress events.
  • To identify potential conservation strategies for coral reefs in a warming climate.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of coral bleaching and mortality data in the Andaman Sea during a May 2010 SST anomaly.
  • Correlation of local bleaching patterns with the occurrence of large-amplitude internal waves (LAIW).
  • Observation of cold water intrusions associated with breaking LAIW.

Main Results:

  • Frequent cold water intrusions from breaking LAIW mitigated coral bleaching and mortality in shallow waters.
  • LAIW-sheltered areas experienced severe bleaching and total mortality in susceptible coral species.
  • Internal waves play a significant role in determining local coral bleaching severity.

Conclusions:

  • Large-amplitude internal waves (LAIW) act as a protective mechanism for coral reefs during thermal stress.
  • The swash zones of LAIW can serve as crucial refugia for bleaching-susceptible corals.
  • Incorporating LAIW dynamics into predictive models can enhance coral reef conservation and management strategies.