An almost symmetric Strang splitting scheme for the construction of high order composition methods

In this paper we consider splitting methods for nonlinear ordinary differential equations in which one of the (partial) flows that results from the splitting procedure cannot be computed exactly. Instead, we insert a well-chosen state [Formula: see text] into the corresponding nonlinearity [Formula: see text], which results in a linear term [Formula: see text] whose exact flow can be determined efficiently. Therefore, in the spirit of splitting methods, it is still possible for the numerical simulation to satisfy certain properties of the exact flow. However, Strang splitting is no longer symmetric (even though it is still a second order method) and thus high order composition methods are not easily attainable. We will show that an iterated Strang splitting scheme can be constructed which yields a method that is symmetric up to a given order. This method can then be used to attain high order composition schemes. We will illustrate our theoretical results, up to order six, by conducting numerical experiments for a charged particle in an inhomogeneous electric field, a post-Newtonian computation in celestial mechanics, and a nonlinear population model and show that the methods constructed yield superior efficiency as compared to Strang splitting. For the first example we also perform a comparison with the standard fourth order Runge-Kutta methods and find significant gains in efficiency as well better conservation properties.