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Pertussis epidemic--California, 2014.

Kathleen Winter, Carol Glaser, James Watt

    MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report
    |December 5, 2014
    PubMed
    Summary

    California experienced a pertussis epidemic in 2014, with incidence rates significantly exceeding baseline levels. Public health efforts focus on preventing severe infant cases through widespread tetanus, diphtheria, and acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccination during pregnancy.

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    Area of Science:

    • Public Health
    • Epidemiology
    • Immunization Practices

    Background:

    • Pertussis (whooping cough) incidence in the U.S. exhibits cyclical peaks every 3-5 years due to increasing susceptible populations.
    • California's 2010 pertussis epidemic reported approximately 9,000 cases, 808 hospitalizations, and 10 infant deaths.
    • A pertussis epidemic was declared in California on June 13, 2014, with incidence more than five times the baseline.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To report the incidence of pertussis in California during 2014.
    • To highlight public health strategies aimed at preventing severe pertussis cases, particularly in infants.
    • To emphasize the importance of maternal Tdap vaccination during pregnancy.

    Main Methods:

    • Surveillance data on pertussis cases reported to the California Department of Public Health (CDPH) were analyzed.
    • Incidence rates were calculated and compared to baseline levels and previous epidemic years.
    • Public health recommendations for Tdap vaccination were disseminated to healthcare providers.

    Main Results:

    • From January 1 to November 26, 2014, 9,935 pertussis cases were reported in California, with a statewide incidence of 26.0 cases per 100,000 population.
    • The 2014 incidence surpassed the 2010 epidemic levels (24.6 cases per 100,000).
    • CDPH encouraged Tdap vaccination for pregnant women during each pregnancy, ideally between 27-36 weeks' gestation.

    Conclusions:

    • The 2014 pertussis outbreak in California represented a significant public health concern, particularly for infants.
    • Maternal tetanus, diphtheria, and acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccination is a critical strategy to protect newborns from severe pertussis.
    • Collaboration between public health departments and healthcare providers is essential for effective disease control and prevention.