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    A rare U.S. human rabies case, acquired abroad, highlights diagnostic delays and inconsistent infection control. Early consultation and universal precautions are crucial for preventing rabies spread and exposures.

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    Area of Science:

    • Infectious Diseases
    • Virology
    • Public Health

    Background:

    • Human rabies is rare in the U.S., often linked to foreign travel and domestic animal contact.
    • A case in Kentucky involved a traveler from Haiti, presenting with neurological and respiratory symptoms.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To analyze a rare U.S. human rabies case acquired internationally.
    • To evaluate diagnostic delays and infection control practices.
    • To emphasize the importance of early rabies suspicion and management.

    Main Methods:

    • Case report analysis of a patient with rabies acquired in Haiti.
    • Review of clinical course, diagnostic testing timeline, and phylogenetic analysis.
    • Assessment of contact tracing and post-exposure prophylaxis recommendations.

    Main Results:

    • Rabies was confirmed late in the clinical course, with phylogenetic analysis indicating a dog-maintained variant from Haiti.
    • Significant delays occurred in rabies testing and diagnosis.
    • Inconsistent adherence to standard precautions led to potential exposures, primarily among healthcare workers.

    Conclusions:

    • Early consideration of rabies and prompt public health consultation are vital.
    • Universal adherence to standard infection control precautions is essential in all patient care.
    • This case underscores the risk of acquiring rabies abroad and the need for vigilance.