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Related Concept Videos

The Extracellular Matrix01:29

The Extracellular Matrix

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In order to maintain tissue organization, many animal cells are surrounded by structural molecules that make up the extracellular matrix (ECM). Together, the molecules in the ECM maintain the structural integrity of tissue as well as the remarkable specific properties of certain tissues.
Composition of the Extracellular Matrix
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is commonly composed of ground substance, a gel-like fluid, fibrous components, and many structurally and functionally diverse...
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The Extracellular Matrix01:42

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Extracellular Matrix01:26

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Unlike epithelial tissue, which is composed of cells closely packed with little or no extracellular space in between, connective tissue cells are dispersed in a matrix. This extracellular matrix (ECM) is composed of fibrous proteins like collagen, elastin, and fibronectin in a ground substance consisting of interstitial fluid, cell adhesion proteins, and proteoglycans. The proteoglycans form a gel-like material in the spaces between cells and provide hydration, buffering, binding, and force...
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Matrix Proteoglycans and Glycoproteins01:21

Matrix Proteoglycans and Glycoproteins

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Proteoglycans are extensively glycosylated proteins, commonly found in the extracellular matrix, interwoven with collagen fibers. Hyaline cartilage, the most common type of cartilage in the body, consists of short and dispersed collagen fibers associated with large amounts of proteoglycans. These proteoglycans have long negative charges that attract cations, which in turn attract water molecules. This influx of ions and water molecules swells up the proteoglycan like a water-soaked gel that can...
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Embryonic Connective Tissues01:20

Embryonic Connective Tissues

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During early development, the embryo forms two types of connective tissues— the mesenchyme and mucoid connective tissue.
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Cell-matrix's Response to Mechanical Forces01:13

Cell-matrix's Response to Mechanical Forces

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In animal cells, the extracellular matrix allows cells within tissues to withstand external stresses and transmits signals from the outside of the cell to the inside. The extracellular matrix is extensive, and its composition varies between different types of tissues. For example, the reticular fibers and ground substance make up the ECM in loose connective tissue, while collagen and bone minerals make up the ECM of bone tissue. 
Anchoring junctions mechanically attach a cell to the...
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Surgical Model for Single-Staged Tissue-Engineered Urothelial Tubes in Minipigs
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Acellular matrix in urethral reconstruction.

Leopoldo Alves Ribeiro-Filho1, Karl-Dietrich Sievert2

  • 1Division of Urology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.

Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews
|December 6, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Acellular scaffolds offer a promising solution for severe urethral stenosis, enabling tissue regeneration for complex strictures. This review examines biological and polymeric scaffolds, discussing their benefits and drawbacks in urethral reconstruction.

Keywords:
GraftRegenerationScaffoldTissue engineeringUrethroplasty

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Area of Science:

  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Urology
  • Biomaterials Science

Background:

  • Severe urethral stenosis presents significant treatment challenges.
  • Traditional methods like urethroplasty and grafts have limitations for long, complex strictures.
  • Acellular scaffolds are emerging as a viable alternative for urethral reconstruction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the advantages and limitations of acellular scaffolds for urethral reconstruction.
  • To analyze both biological and polymeric scaffold options.
  • To discuss key factors influencing graft success in urethral repair.

Main Methods:

  • Review of experimental and human studies on acellular scaffolds for urethral reconstruction.
  • Analysis of data on biological and polymeric scaffold performance.
  • Discussion of surgical techniques and graft strategies (cell-seeded vs. cell-free).

Main Results:

  • Acellular scaffolds demonstrate potential for inducing layer-by-layer tissue regeneration.
  • Both biological and polymeric scaffolds have shown promise in experimental and clinical settings.
  • Graft extension, surgical technique, and cell-seeding strategies are critical considerations.

Conclusions:

  • Acellular scaffolds represent a significant advancement in treating severe urethral stenosis.
  • Understanding the properties and application of different scaffolds is crucial for successful urethral reconstruction.
  • Further research and clinical evaluation will refine the use of these innovative biomaterials.