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Updated: Apr 19, 2026

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Published on: May 2, 2025
Hemodynamic monitoring devices: putting it all together
Bhiken I Naik1, Marcel E Durieux1
1Department of Anesthesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
Abstract:
Perioperative hemodynamic optimization of the high-risk surgical patient is associated with reduced postoperative morbidity and mortality. The hemodynamic parameters to be optimized (using goal-directed algorithms) encompass preload, contractility, afterload, volume responsiveness, and end-organ perfusion. Current hemodynamic monitors facilitate multi-modal monitoring of these macro-hemodynamic targets. This review focuses on the variety of invasive, minimally invasive, and noninvasive hemodynamic monitors available to the clinician.
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