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Plasticity00:58

Plasticity

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Plasticity is the property where an object loses its elasticity and undergoes irreversible deformation, even after the deformation forces are eliminated. If a material deforms irreversibly without increasing stress or load, then this is called ideal plasticity. For example, when a force is applied to an aluminum rod, it changes its shape, but it does not return to its original shape once the force is removed. Plastic deformation or ductility is thus a permanent deformation or change in the...
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Tissue Transplantation01:24

Tissue Transplantation

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Tissue transplantation is a significant medical procedure involving the transfer of cells, tissues, or organs from a donor to a recipient, with the primary aim of restoring lost functions. This procedure is crucial in treating a broad spectrum of diseases, including kidney diseases, liver failure, heart disease, and certain types of cancers.
The Biology of Tissue Transplantation
The biology of tissue transplantation hinges on the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) molecules. These molecules...
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Healing II: Complications01:24

Healing II: Complications

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Complications during healing arise when tissue repair is altered by local or systemic factors. These changes involve abnormal collagen deposition, altered biomechanics, and reduced vascular supply, impairing restoration of normal structure and function.Loss of FunctionScar tissue differs significantly from the original tissue it replaces. In the skin, fibrosis lacks adnexal structures such as hair follicles, sebaceous glands, and sweat glands. Their absence reduces tactile sensitivity, impairs...
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Plastic Behavior01:21

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A material's elastic behavior is characterized by the disappearance of stress once the load is removed, allowing the material to return to its original state. However, when stress surpasses the yield point, yielding commences, marking the onset of plastic deformation or permanent set. This change from elastic to plastic behavior is influenced by the peak stress value and the duration before the load is removed. An intriguing observation occurs when a specimen is loaded, unloaded, and...
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Restorative Care01:19

Restorative Care

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Restorative care is provided once a patient has been discharged from a healthcare facility and requires additional services. The additional services include home care, rehabilitation programs, and extended care. Restorative care centers help the patient regain their previous level of functioning or acquire a new level of functioning due to the incapacitating effects of a disease or a disability. It aims to assist patients in enhancing their quality of life by encouraging independence,...
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Kidney Transplant II: Surgical Procedure01:26

Kidney Transplant II: Surgical Procedure

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Preoperative ManagementThe primary goals of preoperative management in kidney transplantation are to optimize the patient’s metabolic state and prepare them for surgery through diet adjustments, necessary dialysis, and tailored medical treatment. This phase also involves comprehensive infection screening and patient education about the surgical procedure and postoperative care to improve outcomes and adherence.Medical ManagementA comprehensive evaluation is required for both the living...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 19, 2026

Porcine As a Training Module for Head and Neck Microvascular Reconstruction
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Porcine As a Training Module for Head and Neck Microvascular Reconstruction

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From time-based to competency-based standards: core transitional competencies in plastic surgery.

Kristina Lutz1, Arjang Yazdani2, Douglas Ross3

  • 1Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Western University, St. Joseph's Health Care, London, Ontario, Canada.

Journal of Surgical Education
|December 8, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Plastic surgery residency programs must define 26 core technical competencies for senior trainees. These skills are essential for ensuring competence as residents advance in their training.

Keywords:
Patient CarePractice-Based Learning and ImprovementSystems-Based Practicecompetency basededucationplastic surgery

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Education
  • Surgical Training
  • Plastic Surgery

Background:

  • Competency-based medical education is gaining prominence in surgical training.
  • The Royal College is expected to mandate competency-based frameworks in the near future.
  • Defining core competencies is crucial for standardizing plastic surgery residency education.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and define the essential technical competencies for plastic surgery residents entering their senior training years.
  • To establish a consensus on core skills required for advanced plastic surgery education.

Main Methods:

  • A modified Delphi method was employed, involving investigators and experienced plastic surgeons.
  • Potential competencies were categorized into 7 domains: basic surgical skills, anesthesia, hand, cutaneous, esthetic, breast, and craniofacial surgery.
  • A survey of Canadian program directors (n=11) was used for validation and further reduction of skills.

Main Results:

  • A 100% response rate was achieved from Canadian program directors.
  • 26 core technical competencies were identified based on program director rankings.
  • Consensus on core skills was reached across most domains, with exceptions in breast and esthetic surgery.

Conclusions:

  • 26 core competencies have been defined for senior plastic surgery residents.
  • These identified skills are suitable for simulation-based training to ensure resident readiness.
  • Formalized training in these core competencies will standardize preparedness for advanced residency stages.