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On optimization of a composite bone plate using the selective stress shielding approach
Saeid Samiezadeh1, Pouria Tavakkoli Avval1, Zouheir Fawaz2
1Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials
|December 9, 2014
Summary
Optimized composite bone plates enhance fracture healing by improving compression and reducing bone loss compared to traditional metallic plates. This study provides design guidelines for superior fracture fixation using advanced composite materials.
Area of Science:
- Biomaterials Engineering
- Orthopedic Biomechanics
- Composite Materials Science
Background:
- Conventional bone fracture plates, despite stabilizing fractures, exhibit high stiffness that hinders natural bone compression, potentially causing bone loss during healing.
- Fibre-reinforced composite bone plates offer a promising alternative, but their optimal configurations for effective fracture healing remain unexplored.
Purpose of the Study:
- To optimize the design of a hybrid composite bone plate using classical laminate theory and finite element analysis.
- To tailor stiffness properties (minimize axial, maximize torsional, within a bending stiffness range) for improved fracture healing.
Main Methods:
- Utilized classical laminate theory and finite element method for optimizing a carbon fibre/epoxy with a flax/epoxy core composite bone plate.
- Varied laminate stacking sequence and material contribution to achieve desired stiffness characteristics.
- Evaluated mechanical performance using a validated finite element model under various fracture configurations and healing stages.
Main Results:
- A specific carbon fibre/epoxy configuration demonstrated superior performance, increasing fracture site compression by up to 14% compared to metallic plates.
- The optimized composite plate maintained fracture stability, with fragment motion comparable to metallic fixation.
- Composite plate implantation resulted in a 32.9% reduction in bone stiffness, less than the 40.3% reduction seen with titanium plates.
Conclusions:
- The study proposes design guidelines for composite bone plates, enabling customization for moderate fracture compression while maintaining rigidity and strength.
- The optimized composite bone plate shows potential for improved bone fracture treatment by mimicking natural bone mechanics more closely.
Keywords:
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