Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Homologous Recombination02:31

Homologous Recombination

66.1K
The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...
66.1K
Restarting Stalled Replication Forks02:37

Restarting Stalled Replication Forks

6.6K
DNA replication is initiated at sites containing predefined DNA sequences known as origins of replication. DNA is unwound at these sites by the minichromosome maintenance (MCM) helicase and other factors such as Cdc45 and the associated GINS complex.The unwound single strands are protected by replication protein A (RPA) until DNA polymerase starts synthesizing DNA at the 5’ end of the strand in the same direction as the replication fork. To prevent the replication fork from falling apart,...
6.6K
Fixing Double-strand Breaks02:04

Fixing Double-strand Breaks

16.5K
The double-stranded structure of DNA has two major advantages. First, it serves as a safe repository of genetic information where one strand serves as the back-up in case the other strand is damaged. Second, the double-helical structure can be wrapped around proteins called histones to form nucleosomes, which can then be tightly wound to form chromosomes. This way, DNA chains up to 2 inches long can be contained within microscopic structures in a cell. A double-stranded break not only damages...
16.5K
Fixing Double-strand Breaks02:04

Fixing Double-strand Breaks

4.8K
4.8K
Replication in Eukaryotes01:29

Replication in Eukaryotes

19.5K
In eukaryotic cells, DNA replication is highly conserved and tightly regulated. Multiple linear chromosomes must be duplicated with high fidelity before cell division, so there are many proteins that fulfill specialized roles in the replication process. Replication occurs in three phases: initiation, elongation, and termination, and ends with two complete sets of chromosomes in the nucleus.
Many Proteins Orchestrate Replication at the Origin
Eukaryotic replication follows many of the same...
19.5K
Replication in Eukaryotes02:31

Replication in Eukaryotes

208.8K
Overview
208.8K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

[An Improved Faster R-CNN Method for Wound Detection].

Sichuan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Sichuan University. Medical science edition·2026
Same author

Development of a novel humanized monoclonal antibody and efficacy profiling of site-directed antibody-drug conjugates for precision targeted therapy of CLDN18.2-positive cancers.

Bioorganic chemistry·2026
Same author

Spatiotemporal Targeting Randle Cycle and Immune Checkpoint for Potent Antitumor Therapy.

Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)·2026
Same author

Reply to the Letter to the Editor from Chen Xue entitled "Revisiting the GRK2-NOX4 axis in cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity."

British journal of pharmacology·2026
Same author

Phase II Trial of Ixazomib Combined with Gemcitabine and Doxorubicin in Patients with SMARCB1-Deficient Renal Medullary Carcinoma.

Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research·2026
Same author

Rescue Radiosensitization of Pancreatic Cancer via PD-L1/TGF-β1 Dual-Blockade Nanotherapy as Evaluated in 3-Dimensional Microtumors.

Biomaterials research·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 19, 2026

Estimation of Telomeric Repeat-containing RNA from DNA/RNA Hybrid Complexes
11:24

Estimation of Telomeric Repeat-containing RNA from DNA/RNA Hybrid Complexes

Published on: December 5, 2025

374

R-loop structure: the formation and the effects on genomic stability.

Xuefeng Pan1, Nan Jiang2, Xifang Chen2

  • 1School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; School of Basic Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.

Yi Chuan = Hereditas
|December 10, 2014
PubMed
Summary

R-loops are RNA:DNA structures that can cause DNA replication issues and mutations. Cells can manage R-loops, but their formation is linked to trinucleotide repeat expansions in human diseases.

More Related Videos

Detection of Homologous Recombination Intermediates via Proximity Ligation and Quantitative PCR in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
07:55

Detection of Homologous Recombination Intermediates via Proximity Ligation and Quantitative PCR in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Published on: September 11, 2022

2.4K
Author Spotlight: Unveiling the Role of SNF2L in Replication Fork Stability and Genome Duplication
05:55

Author Spotlight: Unveiling the Role of SNF2L in Replication Fork Stability and Genome Duplication

Published on: August 23, 2024

1.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 19, 2026

Estimation of Telomeric Repeat-containing RNA from DNA/RNA Hybrid Complexes
11:24

Estimation of Telomeric Repeat-containing RNA from DNA/RNA Hybrid Complexes

Published on: December 5, 2025

374
Detection of Homologous Recombination Intermediates via Proximity Ligation and Quantitative PCR in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
07:55

Detection of Homologous Recombination Intermediates via Proximity Ligation and Quantitative PCR in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Published on: September 11, 2022

2.4K
Author Spotlight: Unveiling the Role of SNF2L in Replication Fork Stability and Genome Duplication
05:55

Author Spotlight: Unveiling the Role of SNF2L in Replication Fork Stability and Genome Duplication

Published on: August 23, 2024

1.2K

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • R-loops are three-stranded nucleic acid structures comprising an RNA:DNA hybrid and a single-stranded DNA molecule.
  • R-loop formation is associated with transcription, genomic G-rich regions, and triplet microsatellite sequences, potentially leading to human diseases.
  • Factors like negative supercoiling and RNA processing influence R-loop formation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the formation and impacts of R-loops on DNA replication, mutation rates, and homologous recombination.
  • To discuss the role of R-loop-induced DNA replication in trinucleotide repeat expansions associated with neuromuscular degenerative diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on R-loop formation, cellular regulation, and associated genomic instability.
  • Analysis of the mechanisms linking R-loops to DNA replication, mutation, and recombination processes.
  • Exploration of R-loop involvement in trinucleotide repeat expansion disorders.

Main Results:

  • R-loops can negatively affect DNA replication, increase mutation rates, and alter homologous recombination frequencies.
  • Cellular mechanisms exist to manage and process R-loops, mitigating their detrimental effects.
  • R-loops are implicated in mediating trinucleotide repeat expansions, contributing to certain human diseases.

Conclusions:

  • R-loops are significant nucleic acid structures with profound impacts on genomic stability.
  • Understanding R-loop dynamics is crucial for comprehending DNA replication, mutation, and diseases like neuromuscular degenerative disorders.
  • Further research into R-loop regulation may offer therapeutic insights for related human conditions.