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Pulmonary embolism (PE) occurs when a thrombus, fat or air embolus, amniotic fluid, or tumor tissue blocks one or more pulmonary arteries. These blockages originate in the venous system or the right side of the heart.EtiologyPE primarily arises from deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and other hypercoagulable states, such as inherited thrombophilias. Additional etiological factors include venous stasis, commonly seen in obesity, and endothelial injury from surgery and trauma. Less common causes include...
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Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction01:19

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A blood clot, or thrombus, is a semi-solid mass composed of fibrin, platelets, and red blood cells. When it forms within a vessel, it can obstruct blood flow, known as thrombosis. If part of the clot detaches, it becomes an embolus that can travel and block distant vessels. When this occurs in the pulmonary arteries, it causes a condition known as pulmonary embolism (PE).Origin and ImpactMost often, the embolus originates from a thrombus in the deep veins of the lower limbs, a condition called...
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Pulmonary Embolism II: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care01:29

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Diagnosing Pulmonary EmbolismDiagnosing pulmonary embolism (PE) involves clinical assessment and advanced imaging tests. The preferred diagnostic tool is the spiral (helical) CT scan or CT angiography (CTA), which uses intravenous contrast media to visualize the pulmonary vasculature and identify emboli.A ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) scan is an alternative for patients unable to receive contrast media. This scan includes both perfusion and ventilation scanning. Perfusion scanning involves...
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A pulmonary embolism occurs when a thrombus, amniotic fluid, tumor tissue, fat, or air embolus blocks one or more pulmonary arteries. Effective nursing management and patient education are crucial for improving outcomes and preventing recurrence.Nursing management starts with obtaining a comprehensive patient history, particularly noting any history of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Assess for clinical manifestations, including dyspnea, chest pain, crackles, heart murmurs, and signs of right-sided...
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In cases of acute poisoning, the primary objective is to prevent further absorption of the toxic substance into the body. Immediate interventions using various decontamination techniques targeting the gastrointestinal (GI) tract can achieve this. Decontamination is crucial to prevent poison from entering the systemic circulation, which involves washing affected areas with water and mild soap and removing contaminated clothing. Once external decontamination is done, attention must be turned to...
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Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
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A Porcine Model of Acute Autologous Pulmonary Embolism
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[Pulmonary embolus after adder bite].

Martin Ruben Skou Jørgensen1, Steen Elkjær Husted, Gitte Pedersen

  • 1Infektionsmedicinsk Afdeling, Aalborg Universitetshospital, 9000 Aalborg. martinruben@gmail.com.

Ugeskrift for Laeger
|December 16, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Adder bites (Vipera berus) can lead to unpredictable outcomes. This case report highlights a rare pulmonary embolism complication, even without clear indications for antivenom treatment.

Area of Science:

  • Toxicology
  • Vascular Medicine
  • Clinical Case Studies

Background:

  • Clinical management of Vipera berus envenomation is variable.
  • Antivenom therapy is effective in reducing morbidity.
  • Prophylactic low-molecular-weight heparin is not standard practice.

Observation:

  • A case of Vipera berus bite is presented where standard indications for antivenom were absent.
  • The patient subsequently developed a pulmonary embolism.

Findings:

  • Thrombotic events are recognized complications of Vipera berus bites.
  • Pulmonary embolism has not been previously documented in the medical literature following adder bites.

Implications:

  • This case expands the spectrum of known thrombotic complications after Vipera berus envenomation.

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  • It suggests that pulmonary embolism should be considered in the differential diagnosis of respiratory distress post-bite.
  • Further research may be warranted to elucidate the mechanisms and risk factors for this rare complication.