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Related Concept Videos

Lazarus's Cognitive Appraisal Theory01:20

Lazarus's Cognitive Appraisal Theory

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Cognitive psychologist Richard Lazarus proposed the cognitive-mediational theory of emotions, which emphasizes how individuals' assessments of stressors significantly affect their experience of stress. According to Lazarus, the stress response is determined by a two-step appraisal process: primary appraisal and secondary appraisal. These cognitive appraisals help individuals evaluate the potential impact of a stressor and determine the adequacy of their coping resources.
Primary Appraisal:...
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Cognitive Theories: Lazarus Mediational Theory of Emotion01:17

Cognitive Theories: Lazarus Mediational Theory of Emotion

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Richard Lazarus' cognitive mediational theory highlights the pivotal role of cognitive appraisal in shaping emotional responses. According to this theory, the evaluation of a stimulus — based on personal values, goals, beliefs, and expectations — mediates the emotional response. This appraisal process is immediate and often occurs unconsciously, influencing the intensity and nature of the resulting emotion.
Cognitive Appraisal and Emotional Response
Lazarus proposed that...
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The Availability Heuristic01:08

The Availability Heuristic

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A heuristic is a general problem-solving framework (Tversky & Kahneman, 1974). You can think of these as mental shortcuts that are used to solve problems. Different types of heuristics are used in different types of situations, and the impulse to use a heuristic occurs when one of five conditions is met (Pratkanis, 1989):
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Bystander Effect02:09

Bystander Effect

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The discussion of bullying highlights the problem of witnesses not intervening to help a victim. This is a common occurrence, as the following well-publicized event demonstrates. In 1964, in Queens, New York, a 19-year-old woman named Kitty Genovese was attacked by a person with a knife near the back entrance to her apartment building and again in the hallway inside her apartment building. When the attack occurred, she screamed for help numerous times and eventually died from her stab wounds.
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Magical Thinking01:29

Magical Thinking

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Magical thinking encompasses the belief in assumptions that defy logical reasoning yet appear intuitively convincing. It is a common psychological phenomenon that persists across various cultural and individual contexts. While these assumptions contradict empirical evidence and scientific laws, they often serve meaningful psychological roles in promoting emotional resilience and a sense of control, especially under stress or uncertainty.Thought-Action Fusion and the Law of SimilarityA key...
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Narcolepsy01:07

Narcolepsy

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Narcolepsy is a chronic sleep disorder characterized by pervasive, uncontrolled sleepiness and other sleep disturbances. One of its hallmark symptoms is an abrupt transition to REM sleep upon falling asleep, which causes symptoms typically associated with this phase to occur unexpectedly during wakefulness. These include the following symptoms, which typically last from a minute or two to half an hour.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 19, 2026

Orthotopic Xenografting of Human Luciferase-Tagged Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor Cells for in vivo Testing of Candidate Therapeutic Agents
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[The Lazarus phenomenon].

Louise Schierbeck1, Katja Charlotte Lenz

  • 1Kardiologisk Afdeling, Bispebjerg Hospital, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, 2400 København NV. louise.schierbeck@gmail.com.

Ugeskrift for Laeger
|December 16, 2014
PubMed
Summary

The Lazarus phenomenon, or auto resuscitation, remains poorly understood but may involve hyperkalaemia. This case highlights the need for extended monitoring post-resuscitation to avoid premature declarations of death.

Area of Science:

  • Critical Care Medicine
  • Resuscitation Science
  • Clinical Case Reports

Background:

  • The pathophysiological mechanisms of auto resuscitation, or Lazarus phenomenon, are largely unknown.
  • Potential contributing factors include hyperkalaemia, hyperventilation, alkalosis, and increased end-expiratory pressure during ventilation.

Observation:

  • This case report details the Lazarus phenomenon in a patient experiencing severe hyperkalaemia.
  • The patient exhibited spontaneous return of circulation after initial resuscitation efforts.

Findings:

  • The Lazarus phenomenon is likely underreported in medical literature.
  • Severe hyperkalaemia may be a significant factor in its occurrence.

Implications:

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  • Reinforces the importance of adhering to resuscitation guidelines, including pauses in ventilation.
  • Stresses the necessity of a minimum of ten minutes of post-resuscitation monitoring before declaring death.
  • Underscores the need for increased awareness and reporting of this phenomenon in clinical practice.