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Historical Development of Psychosurgery
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 19, 2026

Single-stage Dynamic Reanimation of the Smile in Irreversible Facial Paralysis by Free Functional Muscle Transfer
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[Facial paralysis surgery. Current concepts].

David Robla-Costales1, Javier Robla-Costales2, Mariano Socolovsky3

  • 1Servicio de Cirugía Plástica, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de León, León, España.

Neurocirugia (Asturias, Spain)
|December 16, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Facial palsy can cause irreversible paralysis, impacting patients aesthetically and psychologically. This review details reconstructive techniques, their indications, and optimal timing for improved patient outcomes.

Keywords:
Anastomosis hipogloso-facialFacial paralysisHypoglossal-facial anastomosisNerve transferParálisis facialTransferencia nerviosa

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Area of Science:

  • Reconstructive surgery
  • Facial nerve disorders
  • Plastic surgery

Background:

  • Facial palsy affects many, with a significant number experiencing irreversible paralysis annually.
  • Irreversible facial paralysis leads to severe aesthetic, functional, and psychological distress.
  • Current reconstructive techniques offer variable results, lacking consensus on optimal application.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and delineate indications for various facial palsy reconstructive techniques.
  • To analyze the outcomes associated with different surgical interventions.
  • To establish optimal timing for applying specific reconstructive methods.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature review of reconstructive techniques for facial palsy.
  • Analysis of surgical indications, outcomes, and timing.
  • Comparative evaluation of different reconstructive approaches.

Main Results:

  • Multiple reconstructive techniques exist, each with specific indications and varying degrees of success.
  • While not perfect, many techniques yield significant aesthetic and functional improvements.
  • Successful reconstruction aids in patient reintegration.

Conclusions:

  • A clear consensus on the indication for each reconstructive technique is lacking.
  • Understanding technique-specific results and optimal timing is crucial for successful patient management.
  • Reconstructive surgery plays a vital role in improving quality of life for patients with irreversible facial palsy.