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Related Concept Videos

Pharmaceutical Poisoning: Potential Scenarios01:26

Pharmaceutical Poisoning: Potential Scenarios

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Pharmaceutical poisoning can occur through various channels, impacting an estimated 2 million hospitalized patients in the U.S. annually with serious adverse drug responses. These scenarios encompass both therapeutic uses, such as drug toxicity, where even standard dosages can lead to severe central nervous system depression, and non-therapeutic exposures, including accidental ingestion by children, and environmental and occupational exposures.Unintentional poisonings often involve exploratory...
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Toxidromes: Clinical Features01:30

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Toxidromes are specific patterns of symptoms resulting from toxic substance exposure. They help in the identification and treatment of poisoning. The symptoms of each toxidrome group indicate poisoning by a certain class of chemicals or drugs.1. Sympathomimetic: Stimulates the sympathetic nervous system. Symptoms include agitation, increased heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), respiratory rate (RR), temperature, and pupil size. Drugs like cocaine and amphetamines, along with tremors and...
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Hallucinogens, also known as psychedelic drugs, are a class of substances known for their ability to alter perception, cognition, and emotions. Despite their profound effects on the mind, these drugs are non-addictive, setting them apart from many other abused substances. The mechanism of action of these drugs lies in their impact on the 5-HT2A receptor in the brain. Upon activation, this receptor couples to Gq-type G proteins, triggering a cascade that releases intracellular calcium. This...
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Pharmaceutical Poisoning: Treatment Strategies01:26

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Treatment strategies for poisoning are a critical aspect of emergency medicine, focusing on preventing the absorption of toxins and enhancing their elimination. When a poisoning incident occurs, the first response is to halt exposure and decontaminate the patient, particularly through gastrointestinal (GI) methods if the poison was ingested.Gastrointestinal Decontamination Techniques:Activated charcoal is the cornerstone of GI decontamination. It works through adsorption, binding the toxin to...
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Drug Toxicity: Risk factors01:24

Drug Toxicity: Risk factors

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Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) are potential complications that arise during pharmacotherapy, influenced by multiple risk factors. Age plays a significant role; both neonates and the elderly are at heightened risk due to their respective immature and diminished metabolic and elimination processes. Gender also impacts ADRs, with females experiencing a 1.5 to 1.7-fold greater risk than males, which may be linked to pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and hormonal differences. Notably, neonates, the...
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Drug Toxicity: Overview01:00

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Drug toxicity quantifies the harm a compound causes to an organism, varying by dose and potentially impacting whole systems or specific organs like the liver. Toxic reactions may arise from venomous insect or spider bites, with effects ranging from mild symptoms to severe outcomes such as brain damage or death. Common forms of acute poisoning include ethanol intoxication and overdose of pain or fever medications, with substances like GHB and heroin being particularly lethal at doses close to...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 19, 2026

Chronic Intermittent Ethanol Vapor Exposure Paired with Two-Bottle Choice to Model Alcohol Use Disorder
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Phencyclidine Intoxication Case Series Study.

Paul Dominici1, Kathryn Kopec, Rashmi Manur

  • 1Einstein Healthcare Network, Philadelphia, PA, USA, dominicip@gmail.com.

Journal of Medical Toxicology : Official Journal of the American College of Medical Toxicology
|December 16, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Phencyclidine (PCP) intoxication commonly affects young males, presenting with amnesia, nystagmus, hypertension, and agitation. Most patients recover well and are discharged home after observation in the emergency department (ED).

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Area of Science:

  • Emergency Medicine
  • Clinical Toxicology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Phencyclidine (PCP) is a dissociative anesthetic with resurging recreational use.
  • Limited recent literature exists on the clinical presentation of PCP intoxication.
  • Understanding current clinical findings is crucial for emergency department (ED) management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the clinical and behavioral characteristics of patients presenting to the ED with PCP intoxication.
  • To identify common signs, symptoms, and outcomes associated with PCP use.

Main Methods:

  • A case series study was conducted at a tertiary care center.
  • Patients with suspected PCP intoxication were identified by ED staff.
  • Data on demographics, clinical presentation, and disposition were collected via a structured form.

Main Results:

  • 184 patients with confirmed PCP intoxication were analyzed (mean age 32.5 years, 65.2% male).
  • Common findings included horizontal nystagmus (64.1%), hypertension (47.3%), and psychomotor agitation (38.6%).
  • 83.1% had positive urine drug screens for PCP; 53.8% reported co-use of other substances.

Conclusions:

  • PCP intoxication typically presents in young males with specific neurological and physiological signs.
  • Co-substance use is frequent and should be considered in management.
  • Most patients can be safely discharged home after ED observation, indicating a generally favorable prognosis.