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Inflammation in sleep apnea: an update.

Dileep Unnikrishnan¹, Jonathan Jun, Vsevolod Polotsky

¹Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 5501 Hopkins Bayview Circle, Rm 5B.81, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.

Reviews in Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders

|December 16, 2014

Summary

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) may cause cardiovascular disease (CVD) by increasing systemic inflammation. This review examines recent evidence linking OSA, inflammation, and CVD, considering animal models and human studies.

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Area of Science:

Cardiovascular Science
Sleep Medicine
Inflammation Research

Background:

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is frequently linked to cardiovascular disease (CVD).
A proposed mechanism involves OSA-induced systemic inflammation, potentially exacerbated by obesity.
Existing clinical data are inconsistent, often confounded by obesity.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the relationship between OSA and inflammation.
To focus on recent research, including animal models and human studies.
To explore the inflammatory pathways linking OSA to CVD.

Main Methods:

Review of recent scientific literature (within the last year).
Analysis of studies using animal models of OSA (intermittent hypoxia).
Examination of clinical studies investigating inflammatory biomarkers in OSA patients.

Main Results:

Intermittent hypoxia in animal models stimulates inflammatory pathways.
Some clinical studies show elevated inflammatory markers in OSA patients.
Treatment of OSA may improve inflammatory markers, but data are inconsistent.

Conclusions:

OSA is a potential contributor to CVD through systemic inflammation.
Animal models provide evidence for intermittent hypoxia-induced inflammation.
Further research is needed to clarify the OSA-inflammation-CVD link, controlling for obesity.