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Yeast virology.

R B Wickner1

  • 1Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland 20892.

FASEB Journal : Official Publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology
|September 1, 1989
PubMed
Summary

Yeast viruses and retroviruses spread through cell fusion. Ribosomal frameshifting is a key mechanism for producing viral proteins, aiding replication and host defense studies.

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Yeast Genetics

Background:

  • Saccharomyces cerevisiae harbors three families of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) viruses and two families of retroviruses.
  • Transmission of these elements occurs primarily through cell fusion, common in yeast mating.
  • Ribosomal frameshifting is a notable mechanism employed by some of these viruses and retroviruses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the mechanisms of viral and retroviral replication in yeast.
  • To understand the role of ribosomal frameshifting in protein production for these elements.
  • To explore host defense mechanisms against viral and retroviral infections in yeast.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized in vitro replication, transcription, and integration systems for yeast viruses.
  • Employed classical genetic and molecular studies in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
  • Analyzed viral genome structures and protein products, including fusion proteins.

Main Results:

  • Identified ribosomal frameshifting as a mechanism for producing major coat protein-polymerase fusion proteins in one dsRNA virus and two retroviruses.
  • Demonstrated that frameshifting regulates the production of coat proteins and fusion proteins, preventing mutant genome generation.
  • The structure of fusion proteins suggests a potential mechanism for genome packaging.

Conclusions:

  • Ribosomal frameshifting is a significant strategy for viral and retroviral gene expression and regulation in yeast.
  • Yeast possesses defense systems against dsRNA viruses, with evidence suggesting similar systems for retroviruses.
  • Ongoing research in yeast provides detailed insights into viral replication cycles and host-pathogen interactions.

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