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Related Concept Videos

Esophageal Strictures-II: Clinical Features and Management01:26

Esophageal Strictures-II: Clinical Features and Management

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Patients with esophageal strictures often experience a range of symptoms. Initially, they may have difficulty swallowing solid foods, which can progress to include liquids. Additional symptoms may involve chest pain or discomfort, regurgitating food and fluids, heartburn, unintentional weight loss, coughing or choking during meals, and hoarseness.
Healthcare providers should gather a comprehensive medical history and conduct a physical examination for diagnosis. If esophageal stricture is...
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Barrett Esophagus-II: Clinical Manifestations and Management01:21

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Individuals with Barrett's esophagus are often asymptomatic, but they may experience symptoms commonly associated with GERD, such as heartburn and acid regurgitation. Additional symptoms can include difficulty swallowing, chest pain, unintentional weight loss, blood in the stool (which may appear black, tarry, or bloody), and episodes of vomiting.
To diagnose Barrett's esophagus, healthcare providers often recommend an endoscopy for those showing symptoms of acid reflux. The procedure...
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Assessment of the Mouth01:26

Assessment of the Mouth

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A thorough mouth assessment, including inspection and palpation of the lips, gums, tongue, tonsils, uvula, and pharynx, is crucial in detecting potential health issues. Diseases ranging from oral cancer to systemic conditions like diabetes could be identified early through careful oral examination. This article provides a detailed guide on conducting a comprehensive mouth assessment.
Mouth Inspection
The inspection begins with visually examining the mouth for symmetry, color, and size.
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Esophageal Perforation-II: Clinical Manifestations and Management01:28

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Esophageal perforations manifest in various clinical forms, influenced by factors such as the perforation's cause and location (cervical, intrathoracic, or intra-abdominal), the extent of contamination, and potential injury to adjacent mediastinal structures. The timing between the perforation occurrence and treatment initiation also affects the clinical presentation.
Clinical Manifestations:
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Oral Cavity01:11

Oral Cavity

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The oral cavity, or the mouth, is a complex structure in humans that plays a vital role in our day-to-day lives. Its role is not only in chewing and swallowing food; it also plays a role in speech and facial expressions.
Teeth: The teeth are the hardest structures in our bodies. Humans have two sets of teeth throughout their lifetime: deciduous (baby) teeth and permanent teeth. Each tooth consists of several parts: the crown (visible part), the root (embedded in the jaw), enamel (hard outer...
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Esophageal Strictures-I: Introduction01:30

Esophageal Strictures-I: Introduction

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Esophageal strictures involve abnormal narrowing or tightening of the esophagus. They vary in length and severity, ranging from mild constriction to complete obstruction, and are classified as benign (noncancerous) or malignant (cancerous).
Etiology
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Cleft palate: a clinical review.

Mahdi A Shkoukani1, Lauren A Lawrence, Daniel J Liebertz

  • 1Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Craniofacial Surgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan; Division of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan.

Birth Defects Research. Part C, Embryo Today : Reviews
|December 16, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Orofacial clefts, including cleft palate (CP), are common birth defects impacting individuals and society. Management requires complex surgical repair and lifelong multidisciplinary care for optimal outcomes.

Keywords:
cleft palatecongenital anomaliescraniofacial anomaliesorofacial cleft

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Area of Science:

  • Craniofacial biology
  • Developmental biology
  • Pediatric surgery

Background:

  • Orofacial clefts, particularly cleft palate (CP), represent a significant global health concern as common congenital anomalies.
  • These conditions impose substantial burdens, including economic costs, reduced productivity, psychosocial challenges, and increased morbidity and mortality.
  • Recent advancements have elucidated the complex biomolecular processes underlying palatal embryogenesis, alongside a multifactorial etiology involving genetic and environmental influences.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of orofacial clefts, focusing on cleft palate.
  • To discuss the embryological development, complex etiology, and diverse surgical repair techniques for cleft palate.
  • To emphasize the critical role of multidisciplinary care in managing cleft palate patients.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review of embryological development, etiology, and surgical management of cleft palate.
  • Analysis of current biomolecular understanding and genetic/environmental factors contributing to cleft palate.
  • Examination of various surgical techniques and the necessity of multidisciplinary team approach.

Main Results:

  • Palatal development is intricate, with ongoing research into its biomolecular underpinnings.
  • Cleft palate etiology is multifactorial, stemming from a combination of genetic predispositions and environmental exposures.
  • Surgical repair strategies are tailored to cleft type, width, and need for palatal lengthening, aiming for functional and aesthetic restoration.

Conclusions:

  • Effective management of cleft palate necessitates a coordinated multidisciplinary team approach for comprehensive pre- and postoperative care.
  • Surgical interventions aim to restore speech, swallowing, and facial aesthetics, while addressing associated anomalies and optimizing long-term quality of life.
  • Continued research into the etiology and biomolecular mechanisms of cleft palate will further refine treatment strategies and improve patient outcomes.