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Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview

Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
Various factors can trigger epilepsy, including genetic factors, brain damage, metabolic causes, and unknown etiology. Diagnosis of epilepsy involves electroencephalography (EEG), which...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 19, 2026

Author Spotlight: Studying Clinical Characters and Epilepsy Outcomes After Frontal Disconnection in Patients with MOGHE

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Published on: August 16, 2024

Posterior quadrant disconnection for refractory epilepsy: A case series.

Javeria Nooraine¹, Shiva Kumar R¹, Rajesh B Iyer¹

¹Department of Neurology, Vikram Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.

Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology

|December 16, 2014

Summary

Posterior quadrant disconnection effectively treats medically refractory epilepsy in children and adults. This surgical approach demonstrated good seizure outcomes with no reported functional disabilities in seven patients.

Keywords:

Posterior quadrant disconnection posterior quadrant dysplasia posterior quadrant epilepsy refractory epilepsy

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Area of Science:

Neurosurgery
Epileptology
Pediatric Neurology

Background:

Epilepsy originating in the posterior head region often presents as medically refractory.
Surgical interventions are considered for patients with drug-resistant epilepsy.
Posterior quadrant disconnection is a potential surgical option for specific epilepsy syndromes.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the surgical outcomes and safety of posterior quadrant disconnection.
To assess the efficacy of this procedure in patients with refractory epilepsy.
To analyze the functional impact and morbidity associated with the surgery.

Main Methods:

A retrospective analysis of seven consecutive patients undergoing posterior quadrant disconnection.
Patients were evaluated at a level IV epilepsy center over three years.
Comprehensive pre-surgical assessments included detailed history, neurological examination, video electroencephalography (EEG), neuropsychological testing, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), positron emission tomography (PET), functional MRI (fMRI), Wada test, and invasive monitoring.

Main Results:

Seven patients (4 male, 3 female) with a mean age of 8.5 years were included.
Four patients had left-sided and three had right-sided epilepsy pathologies.
All patients achieved good seizure outcomes, with no reported functional disabilities or significant morbidity.

Conclusions:

Posterior quadrant disconnection is an effective and safe surgical procedure for medically refractory epilepsy originating in the posterior quadrant.
The surgery is well-tolerated across various age groups, particularly in children.
Careful patient selection is crucial for achieving favorable outcomes without functional impairment.