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Related Concept Videos

Shock Waves01:16

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While deriving the Doppler formula for the observed frequency of a sound wave, it is assumed that the speed of sound in the medium is greater than the source's speed through it. When this condition is breached, a shock wave occurs.
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Interference and Diffraction02:18

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Interference is a characteristic phenomenon exhibited by waves. When two electromagnetic waves interact with their peaks and troughs coinciding, a resulting wave with enhanced amplitude is produced. This is known as constructive interference. In this case, the two waves interacting are in phase with each other.
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Sometimes waves do not seem to move; rather, they just vibrate in place. Unmoving waves can be seen on the surface of a glass of milk kept in a refrigerator, which is one example of standing waves. Vibrations from the refrigerator motor create waves on the milk that oscillate up and down but do not seem to move across the surface. These waves are formed or created by the superposition of two or more identical moving waves in opposite directions. The waves move through each other, with their...
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When a wave travels from one medium to another, it gets reflected at the boundary of the second medium. A common example of this is when a person yells at a distance from a cliff and hears the echo of their voice. The sound waves (longitudinal waves) traveling in the air are reflected from the bounding cliff. Similarly, flipping one end of a string whose other end is tied to a wall causes a pulse (transverse wave) to travel through the string, which gets reflected upon reaching the wall. In...
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When two waves of the same nature occur in the same region simultaneously, they result in interference. Interference of waves implies that the net effect of the waves is the sum of the individual waves' effects. However, it does not imply that the individual waves affect the propagation of other waves.
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Standing Waves in a Cavity01:28

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A household microwave and lasers are examples of standing electromagnetic waves in a cavity. When two conducting metal plates are placed parallel at the nodal planes, it creates a cavity where standing waves are formed. The cavity between the two planes is analogous to a stretched string held at the points x = 0 and x = L. Here, the distance 'L' between the two planes must be an integer multiple of half of the wavelength. The wavelengths that satisfy this condition are given by:
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 19, 2026

Measurements of Waves in a Wind-wave Tank Under Steady and Time-varying Wind Forcing
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The interaction between steep waves and a surface-piercing column.

C Swan1, R Sheikh2

  • 1Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BU, UK c.swan@imperial.ac.uk.

Philosophical Transactions. Series A, Mathematical, Physical, and Engineering Sciences
|December 17, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study reveals two high-frequency wave scattering types around surface-piercing columns. Interactions can amplify scattering, causing localized effects like vertical jetting, impacting offshore structure design.

Keywords:
wave scattering and wave–wave interactionswave–column interactionswave–structure interactions

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Area of Science:

  • Fluid Dynamics
  • Ocean Engineering
  • Wave Mechanics

Background:

  • Surface-piercing columns are crucial in offshore structures.
  • Understanding wave interactions is vital for structural integrity and safety.
  • Existing diffraction models struggle with complex scattering phenomena.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally investigate high-frequency wave scattering by a single surface-piercing column.
  • To identify and characterize different modes of wave scattering.
  • To analyze the implications of wave scattering on offshore structure design.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental observations of wave scattering around a column.
  • Focus on the drag-inertia flow regime.
  • Analysis of wave cycle phasing and fluid circulation effects.

Main Results:

  • Identified two distinct high-frequency wave scattering types.
  • The second scattering mode is influenced by fluid circulation time-scale, not captured by harmonic analysis.
  • Wave interactions can significantly amplify scattered waves, especially the second type.
  • Observed localized free-surface effects, including vertical jetting.

Conclusions:

  • Existing diffraction theories are insufficient for describing observed scattering phenomena.
  • Amplified scattering and jetting have critical implications for deck elevation, wave slamming, and run-up velocities.
  • Further research is needed to refine models for accurate prediction of wave-structure interactions.