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Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
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Generation of CAR T Cells for Adoptive Therapy in the Context of Glioblastoma Standard of Care
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Adoptive immunotherapy against sarcomas.

Giulia Mesiano1, Valeria Leuci, Lidia Giraudo

  • 1Candiolo Cancer Institute-IRCCS, Laboratory of Medical Oncology, Experimental Cell Therapy , Candiolo, Turin , Italy.

Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy
|December 18, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Adoptive immunotherapy shows promise for advanced sarcomas, offering new treatment avenues beyond conventional therapies. Strategies involving genetically modified T cells and natural killer (NK) cells are particularly encouraging for clinical application.

Keywords:
adoptive immunotherapycytokine-induced killer cellsnatural killer cellssarcomas

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Cancer Therapy

Background:

  • Advanced unresectable bone and soft tissue sarcomas present an unmet medical need.
  • Conventional treatments for these sarcomas have reached a therapeutic plateau.
  • Adoptive immunotherapy is emerging as a potential complementary treatment strategy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review adoptive immunotherapy strategies for sarcoma treatment.
  • To assess the clinical transferability of various adoptive immunotherapy approaches.
  • To identify promising avenues for future clinical trials in sarcoma immunotherapy.

Main Methods:

  • Review of preclinical and clinical data on adoptive immunotherapy in sarcoma.
  • Categorization of strategies based on T lymphocytes targeting MHC-restricted antigens.
  • Exploration of MHC-independent immune effectors like natural killer (NK), cytokine-induced killer (CIK), and γδ T cells.

Main Results:

  • Tumor infiltrating lymphocyte expansion is challenging outside melanoma.
  • Genetically redirected T cells show encouraging initial results in sarcoma patients.
  • MHC-unrestricted effectors (NK, CIK, γδ T cells) demonstrate significant preclinical potential and favorable features for clinical transferability.

Conclusions:

  • Adoptive immunotherapy holds promise for advanced sarcomas.
  • Genetically modified T cells and MHC-unrestricted effector cells are promising strategies.
  • Combining immunotherapy approaches and integrating them with conventional treatments are crucial for future clinical trials.