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Stem cell research aims to find ways to use stem cells to regenerate and repair cellular damage. Over time, most adult cells undergo the wear and tear of aging and lose their ability to divide and repair themselves. Stem cells do not display a particular morphology or function. Adult stem cells, which exist as a small subset of cells in most tissues, keep dividing and can differentiate into a number of specialized cells generally formed by that tissue. These cells enable the body to renew and...
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The development of all multicellular organisms starts with the fusion of haploid cells called sperm and egg to form a diploid zygote. A zygote is a totipotent cell that can develop into a complete organism. The zygote undergoes cell division or cleavage to form an 8-cell mass. Until this stage, the cells are spherical, loosely attached, and remain totipotent. Totipotent cells are capable of developing both the embryonic and the extraembryonic tissues. However, as they continue to divide, they...
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The cells of the blastocyst inner cell mass only remain pluripotent for a short time. This state of pluripotency and self-renewal can be maintained in embryonic stem (ES) cell culture by adding specific chemicals or growth factors to ensure the cells can continue dividing and later differentiate into different cell types. In some cases, the cells are grown on a feeder layer of differentiated cells, which provides the growth factors and extracellular matrix components necessary for stem cell...
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On human development: lessons from stem cell systems.

Alexander Medvinsky1, Frederick J Livesey2

  • 1Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK a.medvinsky@ed.ac.uk.

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|December 18, 2014
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Scientists explored human development from stem cells to mature cell types. This review summarizes key themes from a global workshop on embryogenesis and cell differentiation.

Keywords:
Directed differentiationEmbryogenesisEmbryonic stem cellsHuman developmentPluripotent stem cells

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Stem Cell Biology
  • Human Embryogenesis

Background:

  • The Company of Biologists convened a workshop in September 2014 focusing on 'From Stem Cells to Human Development'.
  • Over 100 international scientists participated, discussing critical aspects of early human development and cell differentiation.
  • The workshop aimed to synthesize current knowledge and future directions in the field.

Framework:

  • The workshop covered the entire spectrum of human development, beginning with initial embryogenesis.
  • Discussions included the differentiation of pluripotent stem cells into mature cell types.
  • Key themes addressed the origins and development of all three germ layers.

Implementation:

  • The meeting facilitated the exchange of cutting-edge research and data.
  • Scientists presented diverse findings on stem cell behavior and developmental processes.
  • The review synthesizes the main scientific themes and discussions from the workshop.

Implications:

  • Understanding human development from stem cells is crucial for regenerative medicine.
  • Insights gained can inform research into developmental disorders.
  • The workshop highlighted the interdisciplinary nature of stem cell and developmental biology research.