Development of an assessment of functioning scale for prison environments

Area of Science:

• Psychiatry
• Criminology
• Forensic Psychology

Background:

• The Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) scale, originally from DSM Axis V, requires adaptation for the unique prison environment.
• Prison structures significantly impact individual functioning, necessitating specialized assessment tools.
• Front-line correctional staff require efficient methods to monitor offender behavior and mental status.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop and validate a modified Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) scale tailored for the prison setting.
• To identify key domains of functioning relevant to incarcerated populations.
• To create a practical tool for front-line staff to assess offender behavior and mental health changes.

Main Methods:

• Focus groups with 36 correctional officers and clinicians in two prisons.
• Re-alignment of the GAF scale based on descriptions of prison-specific behaviors.
• Establishment of face validity for the modified scale.

Main Results:

• Three critical domains of functioning in prison were identified: Habitation/Behavior, Social, and Symptoms.
• Gender differences were observed in cleanliness, relationships, and coping strategies.
• A cut-off score was identified indicating when mental illness impedes participation in disciplinary processes.

Conclusions:

• The modified GAF scale is a valid and practical tool for assessing functioning in prison environments.
• The assessment addresses the need for quick, accurate, and workload-compatible behavioral monitoring by front-line staff.
• Understanding prison-specific functioning domains and gender differences is crucial for effective offender mental health care.