Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming01:29

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming

2.9K
Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012...
2.9K
Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming01:24

Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming

2.3K
Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for...
2.3K
Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming01:14

Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming

2.4K
Nuclear reprogramming is the process of switching gene expression of one cell type to that of another cell type, usually from a differentiated cell state to an undifferentiated cell state. Differentiation occurs during processes such as development and morphogenesis, tissue regeneration, and malignancy. Cells can also be artificially induced to reprogram their gene expression by techniques such as nuclear transfer, induced pluripotency, and cell fusion. Such techniques have many applications in...
2.4K
Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells01:32

Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells

2.3K
Chromatin modification alters gene expression; therefore, scientists can add histone-modifying enzymes, histone variants, and chromatin remodeling complexes to somatic cells to aid reprogramming into pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
Compact chromatin makes reprogramming difficult. Enzymes, such as histone demethylases and acetyltransferases, are often added during reprogramming to loosen the chromatin, making the DNA more accessible to transcription factors. Molecules that inhibit histone...
2.3K
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:06

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

6.4K
Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different cell types. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are terminally differentiated; however, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they dedifferentiate and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
Somatic...
6.4K
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:13

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

28.7K
Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore...
28.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Ian Wilmut (1944-2023).

Science (New York, N.Y.)·2023
Same author

Isogenic Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem-Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes Reveal Activation of Wnt Signaling Pathways Underlying Intrinsic Cardiac Abnormalities in Rett Syndrome.

International journal of molecular sciences·2022
Same author

Directed differentiation of periocular mesenchyme from human embryonic stem cells.

Differentiation; research in biological diversity·2017
Same author

Amelioration of X-Linked Related Autophagy Failure in Danon Disease With DNA Methylation Inhibitor.

Circulation·2016
Same author

Chondrocytes Derived From Mesenchymal Stromal Cells and Induced Pluripotent Cells of Patients With Familial Osteochondritis Dissecans Exhibit an Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Response and Defective Matrix Assembly.

Stem cells translational medicine·2016
Same author

Histone modifications and p53 binding poise the p21 promoter for activation in human embryonic stem cells.

Scientific reports·2016
Same journal

Patient-derived organoids reveal ductal dysfunction and CFTR-modulator responses in chronic pancreatitis.

Cell stem cell·2026
Same journal

Lineage plasticity driven by GATA6 loss fuels colorectal cancer metastasis.

Cell stem cell·2026
Same journal

Quantitative molecular cartography of emergency myelopoiesis reveals conserved modules of hematopoietic activation.

Cell stem cell·2026
Same journal

Paired pre- and post-transplant human immunoprofiling identifies an IFN-γ-JAK1 axis limiting stem-cell-derived RPE engraftment.

Cell stem cell·2026
Same journal

ENPP1 blockade with a humanized monoclonal antibody enhances renal repair after acute kidney injury.

Cell stem cell·2026
Same journal

ZNF512B safeguards genome integrity at regulatory regions to repress the SASP and inflammation.

Cell stem cell·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 19, 2026

Selecting and Isolating Colonies of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Reprogrammed from Adult Fibroblasts
13:23

Selecting and Isolating Colonies of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Reprogrammed from Adult Fibroblasts

Published on: February 20, 2012

20.5K

Human somatic cell reprogramming: does the egg know best?

Alan Colman1, Justine Burley2

  • 1Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Genea Biocells Pty Limited, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia.

Cell Stem Cell
|December 18, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Somatic cell nuclear transfer and exogenous transcription factors are two methods for cell reprogramming. Molecular comparisons reveal different conclusions on which method is superior for human cell lines.

More Related Videos

Isolation of Adult Human Dermal Fibroblasts from Abdominal Skin and Generation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Using a Non-Integrating Method
10:52

Isolation of Adult Human Dermal Fibroblasts from Abdominal Skin and Generation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Using a Non-Integrating Method

Published on: January 19, 2020

11.6K
Reprogramming Mouse Embryonic Fibroblasts with Transcription Factors to Induce a Hemogenic Program
11:00

Reprogramming Mouse Embryonic Fibroblasts with Transcription Factors to Induce a Hemogenic Program

Published on: December 16, 2016

7.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 19, 2026

Selecting and Isolating Colonies of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Reprogrammed from Adult Fibroblasts
13:23

Selecting and Isolating Colonies of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Reprogrammed from Adult Fibroblasts

Published on: February 20, 2012

20.5K
Isolation of Adult Human Dermal Fibroblasts from Abdominal Skin and Generation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Using a Non-Integrating Method
10:52

Isolation of Adult Human Dermal Fibroblasts from Abdominal Skin and Generation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Using a Non-Integrating Method

Published on: January 19, 2020

11.6K
Reprogramming Mouse Embryonic Fibroblasts with Transcription Factors to Induce a Hemogenic Program
11:00

Reprogramming Mouse Embryonic Fibroblasts with Transcription Factors to Induce a Hemogenic Program

Published on: December 16, 2016

7.8K

Area of Science:

  • Cell biology
  • Reproductive biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Somatic cell reprogramming is crucial for regenerative medicine and developmental biology research.
  • Two primary methods exist: somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) and the use of exogenous transcription factors (e.g., Yamanaka factors).
  • Direct molecular comparisons are needed to determine the optimal reprogramming strategy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct detailed molecular comparisons between human cell lines generated by SCNT and exogenous transcription factor methods.
  • To evaluate the relative efficiencies and characteristics of cells reprogrammed by each technique.
  • To provide insights into the advantages and disadvantages of each reprogramming approach.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of molecular profiles (e.g., gene expression, epigenetic marks) of human cell lines derived from SCNT and exogenous transcription factor reprogramming.
  • Assessment of pluripotency markers and differentiation potential in reprogrammed cells.
  • Evaluation of potential differences in genomic integrity and developmental potential.

Main Results:

  • Two independent research groups performed molecular comparisons of human cell lines produced by SCNT versus exogenous transcription factors.
  • The studies reported conflicting conclusions regarding the superiority of one method over the other.
  • Detailed molecular data revealed distinct differences and similarities between the two reprogramming strategies.

Conclusions:

  • The optimal method for human somatic cell reprogramming remains a subject of ongoing investigation and debate.
  • Both SCNT and exogenous transcription factors offer viable pathways to cellular reprogramming, each with unique molecular signatures.
  • Further research is required to fully elucidate the long-term implications and applications of each reprogramming technique.