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Related Concept Videos

Overview Of Cell Separation And Isolation01:20

Overview Of Cell Separation And Isolation

8.4K
Cell separation was first achieved in 1964 by S. H. Seal, who separated large tumor cells from the smaller blood cells using filtration. Two years later, Pohl and Hawk performed experiments on how cells respond differently to a nonuniform electric field based on the cell type. Such observations were the inception of cell separation methods, which allow isolating a single cell type from a heterogeneous sample.
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Subcellular Fractionation01:32

Subcellular Fractionation

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The homogenate obtained after cell lysis contains various membrane-bound organelles that can be further separated into pure fractions by subcellular fractionation. These isolates are used to study specific cellular components, analyze localized protein activity, and are even employed in diagnostics. Fractionation is typically achieved using centrifugation methods, the most common being density-gradient and differential centrifugation.
Differential Centrifugation
Differential centrifugation is...
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Centrifugation01:05

Centrifugation

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Centrifugation is a separation technique based on differences in density or size. It is commonly used to separate solids from aqueous interferents. During centrifugation, the sample is placed in centrifugation tubes and spun at high angular velocity, which allows centrifugal force to act differentially on the different densities or masses of the components. After spinning, the supernatant liquid is decanted. Depending on the specific application, either the pellet or the supernatant is retained...
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Research highlights: cell separation at the bench and beyond.

Anja Kunze1, James Che, Armin Karimi

  • 1Department of Bioengineering, California NanoSystems Institute, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Los Angeles, 420 Westwood Plaza, 5121 Engineering V, Box 951600, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA. dicarlo@ucla.edu.

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Microfluidic and nanotechnology innovations enable precise cell separations for life sciences and clinical applications. These advancements offer new possibilities for point-of-care diagnostics and cell-based therapies.

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Nanotechnology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Microfluidic systems, operating at the cellular scale (10-100 μm), enable sensitive cell interfacing and separations.
  • Diverse microfluidic cell separation technologies leverage hydrodynamic, electrical, magnetic, and optical forces.
  • These technologies are applied to various biological and clinical sample preparation challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight recent advancements in micro- and nanotechnology for cell separation.
  • To showcase passive separation methods for point-of-care applications and cell-based therapies.
  • To explore innovative approaches for in vivo cell extraction and therapeutic refinement.

Main Methods:

  • Development of microfluidic devices for cell separation.
  • Application of hydrodynamic, electrical, magnetic, and optical forces.
  • Creation of a "microfluidic pipette tip" for passive hydrodynamic filtering.
  • Utilizing passive size-based separation for mesenchymal stem cells.
  • Investigating in vivo separation using magnetic nanoparticles.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated passive hydrodynamic filtering across a wide range of flow conditions.
  • Achieved distinct populations of therapeutically relevant mesenchymal stem cells via size-based separation.
  • Proposed in vivo magnetic nanoparticle separation for less invasive stem cell extraction.
  • Highlighted the development of a "microfluidic pipette tip" for simplified sample handling.

Conclusions:

  • Microfluidic and nanotechnology cell separation techniques are advancing rapidly for life sciences and clinical use.
  • Passive separation methods are particularly promising for point-of-care applications and cell-based therapies.
  • Future research focuses on niche applications in point-of-care diagnostics and advanced cell therapies.