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Why Does Joint Attention Look Atypical in Autism?

Morton Ann Gernsbacher1, Jennifer L Stevenson1, Suraiya Khandakar1

  • 1University of Wisconsin-Madison.

Child Development Perspectives
|December 19, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Autistic individuals may exhibit differences in joint attention due to atypical attention, perception, and action skills, despite understanding social cues. This research explores the underlying reasons for these differences in joint attention behaviors.

Keywords:
autismenhanced perceptual processinggaze dyspraxiaintentionalityjoint attentionpointing

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Psychology
  • Neurodevelopmental Disorders
  • Social Cognition

Background:

  • Joint attention, crucial for social development, involves shared focus on an object or event.
  • Autistic individuals often display atypicalities in initiating and responding to joint attention bids.
  • Previous research indicates autistic individuals can process social stimuli and understand intentionality.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the reasons behind the reduced initiation and response to joint attention in autistic individuals.
  • To explore the interplay of attention, perception, and action in autistic joint attention differences.
  • To synthesize existing evidence on autistic joint attention across different age groups.

Main Methods:

  • Review of empirical evidence on joint attention in autistic toddlers, children, adolescents, and adults.
  • Analysis of covert attention capabilities in autistic individuals, including social stimuli.
  • Examination of evidence regarding autistic understanding of intentionality.

Main Results:

  • Autistic individuals demonstrate covert attention to social stimuli, such as eye gaze.
  • Evidence suggests autistic individuals understand the intentionality of others' actions.
  • Atypical resistance to distraction, parallel perception, and volitional action execution are proposed underlying factors.

Conclusions:

  • Differences in joint attention among autistic individuals are not due to a lack of social understanding or attention.
  • Atypical cognitive and motor processing skills contribute to observed joint attention differences.
  • Further research into these underlying mechanisms can inform interventions for autistic individuals.