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Anatomy of the Ear

Anatomy of the Ear

Auditory sensation, commonly called hearing, involves the transformation of sonic waves into neural impulses facilitated by the structures of the auditory organ. The prominent, flesh-like structure on the side of the head, called the auricle, directs sound waves towards the auditory canal. The auricle is often mislabeled as the pinna, a term more aligned with mobile structures like a feline's external ear. The auditory canal penetrates the cranium via the external auditory meatus of the...

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Updated: Apr 19, 2026

Cochlear Implant Surgery and Electrically-evoked Auditory Brainstem Response Recordings in C57BL/6 Mice

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Reconstructing the gauge earlobe defect.

Jessica Collins¹, Joshua Harvey², John M Hilinski²

¹OasisMD, San Diego, California2Department of Surgery (Health Sciences), University of California, San Diego.

JAMA Facial Plastic Surgery

|December 19, 2014

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Gauge earrings can cause earlobe defects. This study presents a new classification and tailored surgical techniques for earlobe reconstruction, improving contour and appearance.

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Area of Science:

Plastic Surgery
Reconstructive Surgery

Background:

Gauge earrings frequently cause earlobe defects and contour distortions.
Simple closure techniques often yield inadequate results for these deformities.

Purpose of the Study:

To introduce a stratified approach for assessing earlobe deformities caused by gauge earrings.
To describe specific reconstructive techniques tailored to different types of earlobe defects.
To restore normal earlobe size and contour.

Main Methods:

A case series of 20 patients undergoing earlobe reconstruction with at least 1 year of follow-up was reviewed.
Earlobe deformities were classified into three groups: small, medium, and large.
Reconstructive techniques included primary closure, advancement flaps, wedge excisions, and excision of redundant tissue.

Main Results:

Small defects were managed with primary closure.
Medium defects (radial distortion, thinning) utilized advancement flaps or wedge excisions.
Large defects (inferior displacement, axis abnormalities) required advancement flaps and tissue excision.
Excellent aesthetic outcomes were typically observed by 6 months postoperatively.

Conclusions:

Complex repairs are necessary for medium and large earlobe defects to avoid narrowed lobes and loss of rounded contours.
Restoring a natural-appearing ear is crucial for patients seeking a professional appearance.