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Changes in Caco-2 cells transcriptome profiles upon exposure to gold nanoparticles.

Edyta Bajak1, Marco Fabbri2, Jessica Ponti1

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Area of Science:

  • Nanomedicine
  • Toxicology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Nanoparticle-based therapeutics require thorough safety and efficacy evaluation.
  • Understanding cellular responses to gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) is crucial for their therapeutic development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare cellular uptake, cytotoxicity, and RNA expression patterns in Caco-2 cells exposed to 5nm and 30nm AuNPs.
  • To investigate the impact of AuNP size and concentration on cellular responses.

Main Methods:

  • Caco-2 cells were exposed to varying concentrations and time points of 5nm and 30nm AuNPs.
  • Cellular uptake and cytotoxicity were assessed using colony forming efficiency and Trypan blue assay.
  • RNA expression patterns were analyzed using Agilent microarrays.

Main Results:

  • Cellular internalization of AuNPs was dose- and time-dependent for both sizes.
  • Toxicity was observed exclusively for 5nm AuNPs at concentrations of 200μM and above, detected by colony forming efficiency.
  • Gene expression analysis revealed significant changes in biological processes including metal ion binding and glutathione metabolism, with upregulation of Nrf2 responsive genes and differential expression of selenoproteins.

Conclusions:

  • High concentrations of 5nm AuNPs induce metal exposure, oxidative stress, and may affect selenium homeostasis.
  • The observed cellular responses to AuNPs could potentially enhance the anti-cancer properties of AuNP-based nanomedicines.