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Related Concept Videos

Adrenal Gland Disorders01:27

Adrenal Gland Disorders

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Adrenal gland disorders manifest when the production of adrenal hormones deviates from the norm, resulting in either excessive or insufficient concentrations.
Adrenal insufficiency, characterized by insufficient cortisol and aldosterone production, leads to conditions like Addison's disease. This disorder, affecting the adrenal cortex, exhibits symptoms such as skin bronzing, dehydration, low blood pressure, fatigue, and weight loss. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, a genetic ailment causing...
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Cushing Syndrome II: Pathophysiology01:19

Cushing Syndrome II: Pathophysiology

1
Cortisol production is normally governed by the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, which maintains hormonal balance through tightly regulated feedback mechanisms. Disruption of this regulatory system is central to the development of Cushing syndrome, whether the excess cortisol originates from external medications or internal pathology. Persistent cortisol elevation alters metabolism, immune function, and endocrine signaling, producing the characteristic clinical features...
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Anatomy of the Adrenal Glands01:17

Anatomy of the Adrenal Glands

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The adrenal or supra-renal glands, situated above the kidneys and aligned with the twelfth rib, are paired pyramid-shaped structures crucial for the body's stress response. During stress, these glands secrete hormones vital for adaptive physiological reactions.
These glands possess a distinctive yellow tinge due to the stored cholesterol and fatty acids required for hormone synthesis. They are encased in a fibrous capsule and cushioned by fat.
The adrenal gland comprises two distinct...
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Cushing Syndrome I: Introduction01:26

Cushing Syndrome I: Introduction

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Cushing syndrome refers to the collection of clinical manifestations that arise when tissues are exposed to excessive amounts of cortisol or cortisol-like medications over an extended period. Cortisol, a glucocorticoid produced by the adrenal cortex, regulates metabolism, immune responses, and the body’s adaptation to stress. When its concentration remains chronically elevated, these physiological pathways become dysregulated, resulting in the characteristic features of the...
13
Hormones of the Adrenal Glands01:31

Hormones of the Adrenal Glands

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Adrenal hormones play a pivotal role in maintaining the body's electrolyte balance and orchestrating responses to stress, showcasing the intricate functions of the adrenal cortex and medulla.
The adrenal cortex, a powerhouse of hormone synthesis, generates over two dozen corticosteroid hormones. The zona glomerulosa produces mineralocorticoids, exemplified by aldosterone, influencing the electrolyte composition of body fluids. The synthesis of glucocorticoids such as cortisol and...
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Sympathetic Pathways: Collateral Ganglia and Adrenal Medulla01:27

Sympathetic Pathways: Collateral Ganglia and Adrenal Medulla

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The sympathetic pathways of the collateral ganglia and adrenal medulla serve unique but interconnected roles in the sympathetic response.
Collateral Ganglia
Sympathetic preganglionic axons reach the collateral ganglia along the route of splanchnic nerves. These nerves bypass the sympathetic trunk and communicate with sympathetic postganglionic neurons housed in the prevertebral ganglia. These ganglia supply the organs of the abdominopelvic cavity.
The greater splanchnic nerve, formed by the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 19, 2026

A Novel Method: Super-selective Adrenal Venous Sampling
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Adrenocortical oncocytoma.

Abdul Hafeez Qureshi1, Noor Nabi Junejo1, Khurram Siddiqui1

  • 1Department of Urology, The Indus Hospital, Karachi.

Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons--Pakistan : JCPSP
|December 20, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Adrenocortical oncocytoma, a rare adrenal neoplasm, is described in a young female. Surgical removal confirmed this unusual tumor, contributing to understanding rare adrenal gland conditions.

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Surgical Pathology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Adrenocortical oncocytoma is an exceptionally rare adrenal neoplasm with poorly understood pathogenesis.
  • Previous reports indicate a higher incidence in females and left-sided adrenal lesions.

Observation:

  • A case study of a 20-year-old female presenting with right lumbar pain.
  • Imaging revealed a 6 x 4.2 cm right adrenal gland mass, initially suspected as a non-functional adrenal adenoma.

Findings:

  • Histopathological examination confirmed the adrenal mass as an adrenocortical oncocytoma.
  • The tumor was successfully removed via a laparoscopic right adrenalectomy using a 3-ports lateral transperitoneal approach.

Implications:

  • This case adds to the limited literature on adrenocortical oncocytoma, particularly in young females.
  • Highlights the importance of histopathological diagnosis for rare adrenal neoplasms and surgical management strategies.