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Related Concept Videos

Acute Respiratory Failure-II01:21

Acute Respiratory Failure-II

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Type I Respiratory Failure, or hypoxemic respiratory failure, occurs when the partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) in arterial blood falls below 60 mmHg while breathing room air without a corresponding increase in arterial carbon dioxide levels (PaCO2). This condition highlights a significant impairment in the lungs' capacity to oxygenate the blood.
The underlying physiological abnormalities that contribute to hypoxemic respiratory failure include:
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Acute Respiratory Failure-IV01:23

Acute Respiratory Failure-IV

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Respiratory failure can manifest suddenly or gradually, characterized by a rapid decline in PaO2 and a rapid rise in PaCO2. This situation indicates a severe respiratory problem that may quickly become a life-threatening emergency. One of the early signs of hypoxemic Acute Respiratory Failure (ARF) is a change in mental status due to the brain's sensitivity to oxygen levels and changes in acid-base balance. Symptoms such as restlessness, confusion, and agitation suggest inadequate oxygen...
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Asthma-I: Introduction01:29

Asthma-I: Introduction

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Asthma is a chronic respiratory ailment that requires careful management due to its varying symptoms and influencing factors. It is characterized by airway inflammation, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and reversible airflow obstruction, leading to symptoms like wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing. The symptom frequency and intensity may vary considerably over time. It is also linked to immune system responses to allergens and irritants, highlighting the complex...
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Breathing01:05

Breathing

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The process of breathing, inhaling and exhaling, involves the coordinated movement of the chest wall, the lungs, and the muscles that move them. Two muscle groups with important roles in breathing are the diaphragm, located directly below the lungs, and the intercostal muscles, which lie between the ribs. When the diaphragm contracts, it moves downward, increasing the volume of the thoracic cavity and creating more room for the lungs to expand. When the intercostal muscles contract, the ribs...
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Assessment of Airway, Skin Color, and Use of Accessory Muscles01:30

Assessment of Airway, Skin Color, and Use of Accessory Muscles

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A thorough assessment of respiratory health is paramount in clinical settings to identify and manage respiratory distress and ensure adequate oxygenation. This article elaborates on the critical aspects of respiratory evaluation, including airway assessment, skin color examination, and the observation of accessory muscle use, which are integral to effectively diagnosing and managing patients with respiratory conditions.
Introduction
The initial evaluation of a patient's respiratory system...
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Acute Respiratory Failure-I01:21

Acute Respiratory Failure-I

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Acute respiratory failure is a condition characterized by the inability of the lungs to perform their primary function: gas exchange. This failure leads to insufficient oxygen levels (hypoxemia) in the blood, elevated carbon dioxide levels (hypercapnia), or both, causing critical impairment in organ function.
Definition: It is defined by specific criteria based on blood gas measurements. Hypoxemia happens when the partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) falls below 60 mmHg. At the same time,...
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Updated: Apr 19, 2026

The Perinatal Asphyxiated Lamb Model: A Model for Newborn Resuscitation
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The Perinatal Asphyxiated Lamb Model: A Model for Newborn Resuscitation

Published on: August 15, 2018

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"Risk factors of birth asphyxia".

Hafiz Muhammad Aslam, Shafaq Saleem, Rafia Afzal

    Italian Journal of Pediatrics
    |December 21, 2014
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Birth asphyxia, a leading cause of neonatal death, is linked to factors like maternal fever and home delivery. Skilled attendance at birth and care for preterm infants are crucial for prevention.

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    A Swine Model of Neonatal Asphyxia
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    Area of Science:

    • Neonatal Medicine
    • Obstetrics
    • Public Health

    Background:

    • Birth asphyxia, characterized by inadequate oxygen supply to newborns, contributes to millions of annual neonatal deaths globally.
    • Failure to breathe or breathing difficulties in newborns can lead to severe oxygen deprivation, impacting vital organs.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate antepartum, intrapartum, and fetal risk factors associated with birth asphyxia.
    • To identify key determinants contributing to neonatal mortality from birth asphyxia.

    Main Methods:

    • A retrospective case-control study was conducted involving 240 neonates at Civil Hospital Karachi.
    • Data on maternal and neonatal demographics and potential risk factors were collected and analyzed.
    • Neonates diagnosed with birth asphyxia were cases, while healthy neonates served as controls.

    Main Results:

    • Significant antepartum risk factors included primigravidity and pre-eclampsia.
    • Intrapartum risks identified were breech presentation, home delivery, and maternal fever.
    • Fetal risk factors included preterm birth, fetal distress, and low birth weight, with resuscitation also noted.

    Conclusions:

    • Preventing neonatal mortality requires focused interventions on skilled birth attendance.
    • Special attention and appropriate care for preterm and low birth weight neonates are essential.