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Related Concept Videos

Blind Procedures02:07

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Ideally, the people who observe and record the children’s behavior are unaware of who was assigned to the experimental or control group, in order to control for experimenter bias. Experimenter bias refers to the possibility that a researcher’s expectations might skew the results of the study. Remember, conducting an experiment requires a lot of planning, and the people involved in the research project have a vested interest in supporting their hypotheses. If the observers knew which...
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Blinding is a commonly used method of not telling participants which treatment a subject is receiving. Blinding is a critical part of a randomized control trial or RCT. It reduces the bias that affects the results. In an RCT, blinding is used in the form of a placebo. A placebo effect occurs when untreated subjects falsely believe they have received the treatment and report improved symptoms. A placebo or a dummy treatment is administered to subjects to negate the bias caused by such an effect.
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Counting is the type of measurement that is free from uncertainty, provided the number of objects being counted does not change during the process. Such measurements result in exact numbers. By counting the eggs in a carton, for instance, one can determine exactly how many eggs are there in the carton. Similarly, the numbers of defined quantities are also exact. For example, 1 foot is exactly 12 inches, 1 inch is exactly 2.54 centimeters, and 1 gram is exactly 0.001 kilograms. Quantities...
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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 9, 2026

Assessing the Coherence of Parents' Short Narratives Regarding their Child Using the Five-Minute Speech Sample Procedure
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Seeking a reading machine for the blind and discovering the speech code.

Donald Shankweiler1, Carol A Fowler1

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Connecticut.

History of Psychology
|December 22, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Developing a reading machine for the blind required understanding speech perception. Research revealed speech is not an alphabet, advancing speech synthesis and reading technologies.

Area of Science:

  • Speech and Hearing Science
  • Human-Computer Interaction
  • Assistive Technology

Background:

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  • Post-WWII U.S. committee prioritized sensory aids for blinded veterans.
  • Haskins Laboratories led multisite research on a reading machine for the blind.
  • Initial designs failed due to overestimating user learning of acoustic codes and a flawed view of speech as a sound alphabet.