Related Experiment Video
Updated: Apr 19, 2026
A Rehabilitation Program of Exoskeleton-assisted Body Weight-Supported Treadmill Training with Non-immersive Virtual Reality for Stroke Patients
Published on: May 16, 2025
Walking training with cueing of cadence improves walking speed and stride length after stroke more than walking
Lucas R Nascimento1, Camila Quel de Oliveira2, Louise Ada2
1Discipline of Physiotherapy, The University of Sydney, Australia; Discipline of Physiotherapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais.
Question:
After stroke, is walking training with cueing of cadence superior to walking training alone in improving walking speed, stride length, cadence and symmetry?
Design:
Systematic review with meta-analysis of randomised or controlled trials.
Participants:
Adults who have had a stroke.
Intervention:
Walking training with cueing of cadence.
Outcome Measures:
Four walking outcomes were of interest: walking speed, stride length, cadence and symmetry.
Results:
This review included seven trials involving 211 participants. Because one trial caused substantial statistical heterogeneity, meta-analyses were conducted with and without this trial. Walking training with cueing of cadence improved walking speed by 0.23 m/s (95% CI 0.18 to 0.27, I(2)=0%), stride length by 0.21 m (95% CI 0.14 to 0.28, I(2)=18%), cadence by 19 steps/minute (95% CI 14 to 23, I(2)=40%), and symmetry by 15% (95% CI 3 to 26, random effects) more than walking training alone.
Conclusions:
This review provides evidence that walking training with cueing of cadence improves walking speed and stride length more than walking training alone. It may also produce benefits in terms of cadence and symmetry of walking. The evidence appears strong enough to recommend the addition of 30 minutes of cueing of cadence to walking training, four times a week for 4 weeks, in order to improve walking in moderately disabled individuals with stroke.
Review Registration:
PROSPERO (CRD42013005873).
