Related Experiment Video
Updated: Apr 19, 2026

Microwave Photonics Systems Based on Whispering-gallery-mode Resonators
Published on: August 5, 2013
Wavelength conversion in modulated coupled-resonator systems and their design via an equivalent linear filter
Abstract:
We propose wavelength converters based on modulated coupled resonators that achieve conversion by matching the modulation frequency to the frequency splitting of the supermodes of the unmodulated system. Using temporal coupled-mode theory, we show that these time-variant systems have an equivalent linear, time-invariant filter representation that simplifies the optimal engineering of design parameters for realistic systems. Applying our model to carrier plasma-dispersion modulators as an example implementation, we calculate conversion efficiencies between -5.4 and -1.7 dB for intrinsic quality factors of 10(4)-10(6). We show that the ratio of the resonance shift to the total linewidth is the most important parameter when determining conversion efficiency. Finally, we discuss how this model can be used to design devices such as frequency shifters, widely tunable radio frequency oscillators, and frequency combs.
Related Concept Videos
Linear Approximation in Frequency Domain
In contrast, nonlinear systems do not inherently possess these properties. However, for small deviations around an operating point, a nonlinear system can often be approximated as linear....
Design Example
Parallel Resonance
Standing Waves in a Cavity
Characteristics of Series Resonant Circuit
Equivalent Resistance

