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From breathing to respiration.

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  • 1Department of Respiratory Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland.

Respiration; International Review of Thoracic Diseases
|December 23, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Breathing was long misunderstood until scientists discovered its role in gas exchange. August and Marie Krogh confirmed that passive diffusion adequately transfers oxygen from alveoli to blood.

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Area of Science:

  • Physiology
  • Respiratory System

Background:

  • Ancient Greek physicians like Hippocrates described breathing but didn't link it to lungs.
  • Aristotle incorrectly believed breathing cooled the heart, while others proposed skin pores for air passage.

Observation:

  • Galen accurately described respiratory muscles and mechanics but had a flawed heart-lung model.
  • The discovery of pulmonary circulation and oxygen by Lavoisier were crucial steps.

Findings:

  • Breathing was finally understood as respiration, or gas exchange.
  • August and Marie Krogh resolved the debate on oxygen transfer, proving passive diffusion suffices.

Implications:

  • This research clarifies the fundamental purpose of breathing and gas exchange.
  • Understanding passive diffusion in the lungs is key for respiratory physiology.