Understanding of myofascial trigger points.

Area of Science:

• Pain Medicine
• Neurology
• Physical Therapy

Background:

• Myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) is a common condition characterized by pain originating from muscle trigger points.
• The prevalence of MPS is high, with estimates ranging from 85% to 95% incidence.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the current epidemiology, pathology, diagnosis, and treatment of myofascial pain syndrome (MPS).
• To provide a comprehensive overview of myofascial trigger points (MTrPs) and their management.

Main Methods:

• A literature review was conducted using PubMed, MedSci, and Google Scholar.
• Searches included terms like "myofascial trigger points" and "myofascial pain syndrome" without date restrictions.
• Original articles and critical reviews relevant to MTrPs and MPS were analyzed.

Main Results:

• MPS is defined by painful taut bands, referred pain, and local twitch responses, with a high prevalence.
• Etiology involves muscle injury, overload, nutrient/hormone insufficiency, comorbidities, and muscle imbalance.
• Pathology suggests acetylcholine leakage at the neuromuscular junction causing contracture knots.
• Diagnosis relies on subjective criteria; treatments include invasive and conservative methods to inactivate MTrPs.

Conclusions:

• This review enhances understanding of myofascial trigger point pain.
• It highlights effective treatment strategies for MPS, particularly in the context of practice in China.