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Cell-surface Signaling01:21

Cell-surface Signaling

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Hormones—or any molecule that binds to a receptor, known as a ligand—that are lipid-insoluble (water-soluble) are not able to diffuse across the cell membrane. In order to be able to affect a cell without entering it, these hormones bind to receptors on the cell membrane. When a first messenger, a hormone, binds to a receptor, a signal cascade is set off, causing second messengers, proteins inside the cell, to become activated, resulting in downstream effects.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 19, 2026

Engineering Molecular Recognition with Bio-mimetic Polymers on Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes
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Engineering Molecular Recognition with Bio-mimetic Polymers on Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes

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Reprogramming cellular signaling machinery using surface-modified carbon nanotubes.

Yi Zhang1, Ling Wu, Cuijuan Jiang

  • 1School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University , Jinan 250100, China.

Chemical Research in Toxicology
|December 24, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) interact with cells, causing functional changes. This study investigates CNT mechanisms, revealing how they affect cell signaling and toxicity for diverse applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Toxicology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Nanoparticles, including carbon nanotubes (CNTs), interact with biological systems.
  • Internalization of nanoparticles can lead to cellular dysfunction.
  • Understanding these interactions is crucial for safe and effective applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the mechanisms by which carbon nanotubes (CNTs) perturb cellular functions.
  • To investigate the role of CNTs in cell signaling pathways.
  • To explore methods for modulating CNT biological and toxicological activities.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized modified carbon nanotubes (CNTs).
  • Employed a systematic approach with various chemical-biological assays.
  • Investigated three distinct modes of CNT-cell interaction.

Main Results:

  • CNTs bind to cell surface receptors, altering signaling pathways.
  • CNT binding affinity influences signal strength (strengthening or weakening).
  • Internalized CNTs interact with intracellular signaling proteins.

Conclusions:

  • Mechanisms of CNT-induced cytotoxicity are clarified.
  • This research provides insights into modulating CNT bioactivity.
  • Findings support the development of CNTs for industrial, biomedical, and consumer uses.