Ultrasound-Derived Three-Dimensional Printing in Congenital Heart Disease

Three-dimensional printing technology has significant clinical implications for the management of congenital heart disease. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging have been established as imaging tools for the creation of physical three-dimensional models. The potential use of non-invasive bedside imaging techniques such as three-dimensional echocardiography to derive three-dimensional printed models can revolutionize the planning of interventions for complex congenital malformations. The feasibility of deriving three-dimensional printing from ultrasound provides an additional cost-effective and patient-centered option for interventional cardiologists and surgeons for the management and care of congenital heart disease patients.