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Related Concept Videos

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions01:19

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions

229
Type III hypersensitivity reactions occur when antigen–antibody complexes form and activate the complement system. Normally, these complexes help the clearance of antigens by phagocytes and red blood cells. However, when large numbers of immune complexes are present, they can deposit in tissues—particularly in the walls of blood vessels—leading to inflammation and tissue injury. These deposits trigger complement activation and neutrophil recruitment, resulting in serum...
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Hypersensitivities01:30

Hypersensitivities

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Hypersensitivity, also known as a hypersensitivity reaction or allergic reaction, is a condition where the body's immune system reacts abnormally to a foreign substance. Such substances, that cause hypersensitivity are referred to as an allergen, could be something typically harmless to most people, like pollen or certain foods.
Types of Hypersensitivities
Hypersensitivity reactions are categorized into four types: Type 1, Type 2, Type 3, and Type 4. Each type has a distinct mechanism...
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Allergic Reactions02:06

Allergic Reactions

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Overview
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Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis01:30

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis

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Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin,...
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Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions01:30

Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions

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Drug-related allergies are immune-mediated responses triggered by the administration of pharmacological agents. These hypersensitivity reactions are classified based on the immune mechanisms involved. The four primary types—Type I, II, III, and IV—are mediated by different immunological pathways and exhibit distinct clinical manifestations.Type I Hypersensitivity/ IgE-Mediated Reactions: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) immediately mediates Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Upon initial...
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Allergic Drug Reactions01:27

Allergic Drug Reactions

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Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing...
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Updated: Apr 19, 2026

Basophil Activation Test for Allergy Diagnosis
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[Systemic urticaria in 2014].

M-S Doutre1

  • 1Service de Dermatologie, CHU de Bordeaux, 1 avenue de Magellan, 33604 Pessac cedex, France.

Annales De Dermatologie Et De Venereologie
|December 26, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Systemic urticaria, often chronic, links to systemic diseases but isn't always chronic spontaneous urticaria. Most chronic spontaneous urticaria cases lack a clear cause, needing no further investigation.

Keywords:
Autoinflammatory syndromesChronic urticariaDermatose neutrophilique urticarienneDysthyroïdie auto-immuneNeutrophilic urticarial dermatosisSyndromes auto-inflammatoiresSystemic urticariaThyroid autoimmunityUrticaire chroniqueUrticaires systémiques

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Immunology
  • Internal Medicine

Context:

  • Systemic urticaria involves chronic urticaria linked to systemic diseases.
  • Urticarial vasculitis and neutrophilic urticarial dermatosis are distinct from chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU).
  • Thyroid autoimmunity can sometimes associate with chronic urticaria.

Purpose:

  • To clarify the definition and classification of systemic urticaria.
  • To differentiate specific urticarial conditions from chronic spontaneous urticaria.
  • To provide guidance on the necessity of further investigations for CSU.

Summary:

  • Systemic urticaria is defined as urticaria associated with systemic diseases.
  • Urticarial vasculitis and neutrophilic urticarial dermatosis are excluded from CSU due to distinct characteristics and pathomechanisms.
  • The majority of chronic spontaneous urticaria cases are idiopathic, not requiring extensive workup.

Impact:

  • Refines the understanding of urticaria classification.
  • Highlights the importance of differentiating specific urticarial entities.
  • Supports current clinical practice guidelines regarding CSU investigation.