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Related Concept Videos

Bacterial Meningitis I: Introduction01:22

Bacterial Meningitis I: Introduction

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Bacterial meningitis is a severe, life-threatening inflammation of the meninges, particularly the pia mater and arachnoid mater, affecting the subarachnoid space, ventricles, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). If untreated, it can lead to significant neurological complications or death.Causative AgentsCommon pathogens vary with age and immune status. In adults, major organisms include Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Haemophilus influenzae. Streptococcus agalactiae (group B...
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Bacterial Meningitis II: Pathophysiology01:26

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Bacterial meningitis typically begins when pathogens such as Neisseria meningitidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae colonize the nasopharynx and invade the bloodstream. This process is facilitated by bacterial virulence factors, such as polysaccharide capsules, which resist phagocytosis and complement-mediated killing. Less commonly, bacteria reach the central nervous system via contiguous spread from infections like otitis media or sinusitis, through congenital or acquired dural defects, or...
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Tonsillitis I: Introduction01:30

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Tonsillitis is inflammation of the tonsils, which are two lymphoid tissue masses at the back of the throat. This condition can cause discomfort and irritation in the throat.
Etiology
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Myocarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:27

Myocarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

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Myocarditis is an inflammation of the heart muscle. The symptoms vary widely, encompassing asymptomatic presentations to severe, acute manifestations.Clinical PresentationAsymptomatic cases: In some instances, myocarditis may be asymptomatic, with the infection resolving without intervention. These cases often go undetected unless discovered incidentally through diagnostic imaging or tests conducted for other reasons.General Early Symptoms: Early symptoms of myocarditis are non-specific and can...
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Chronic Inflammation: Introduction01:12

Chronic Inflammation: Introduction

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Chronic inflammation is a prolonged, dysregulated immune response that persists for weeks to years when the inciting stimulus is difficult to eradicate or when self‑antigens drive ongoing reactivity. Morphologically, it is defined by mononuclear cell infiltration, progressive tissue destruction, and concurrent attempts at healing via angiogenesis and fibrosis. Compared with acute inflammation, edema is less prominent while cellular infiltration predominates; triggers include persistent...
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Tonsillitis II: Management01:26

Tonsillitis II: Management

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This lesson will focus on the different treatment options for managing tonsillitis, which typically depend on the cause and severity.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 19, 2026

Lateral Molar Approach-Driven Transoral Endoscopic Procedure for Benign Infratemporal Fossa Tumor Resection
04:04

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Bilateral inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor mastoiditis.

Brian Rodgers1, Vidur Bhalla1, Da Zhang2

  • 1Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Kansas Hospital, Kansas City, Kansas.

Head & Neck
|December 30, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Bilateral inflammatory myoblastic tumors (IMTs) in the temporal bone can present aggressively, affecting facial nerves and causing serious complications. Early detection via imaging is crucial for effective multimodality treatment and preventing recurrence.

Keywords:
bilateral mastoiditisfacial nerve paralysisinflammatory myofibroblastic tumorinflammatory pseudotumorsigmoid sinus thrombosis

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Pathology
  • Neurosurgery

Background:

  • Inflammatory myoblastic tumors (IMTs) are rare mesenchymal neoplasms often associated with prior inflammation.
  • In the temporal bone, IMTs typically manifest as solitary lesions mimicking chronic otitis media.

Observation:

  • This case details bilateral IMTs involving the facial nerve, sigmoid sinus thrombosis, leptomeningeal enhancement, and seizures.
  • The presentation highlights the potential for extensive intracranial and neurovascular complications.

Findings:

  • Bilateral mastoid opacification on imaging necessitates a high index of suspicion for IMT.
  • IMTs in this location exhibit greater aggressiveness compared to orbital IMTs.

Implications:

  • Prompt diagnosis and multimodality therapy are essential for managing aggressive temporal bone IMTs.
  • Aggressive treatment strategies are required to prevent tumor recurrence and mitigate severe neurotologic symptoms.