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Related Concept Videos

Blood Transfusion01:15

Blood Transfusion

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Blood transfusion is a critical medical procedure that saves lives and treats various medical conditions. It involves transferring blood from a donor to a recipient. This process requires a thorough understanding of the ABO blood group system and its associated antigens and antibodies.
Blood Transfusion Overview
A blood transfusion is a medical procedure used to replace blood lost due to injury, surgery, or to treat conditions such as anemia or cancer. During a transfusion, donor blood is...
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Blood Transfusion and Agglutination02:45

Blood Transfusion and Agglutination

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Blood transfusion is a therapeutic measure to restore the blood volume after extensive blood loss due to an accident or a medical procedure. Blood transfusion involves drawing a certain amount of blood from a suitable donor and infusing it into the recipient.
History
The history of blood transfusion dates back to the 17th century, when early attempts were made in animals. In 1818 James Blundell, a British doctor, performed the first successful human blood transfusion. Later in 1900, Karl...
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Transmission-based Precautions II: Airborne and Protective Environment01:25

Transmission-based Precautions II: Airborne and Protective Environment

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Transmission-based precautions are for patients infected or suspected to be infected (or colonized) with organisms posing a significant risk to others. The transmission precautions include airborne and protective environment precautions.
Airborne precautions:
Use airborne precautions when treating patients known or suspected to have diseases that spread through the air—for example, tuberculosis or measles. These organisms are present in smaller droplets expelled by an infected person and...
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Standard Precaution01:26

Standard Precaution

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Standard precautions are the minimum infection control safeguards used while caring for all patients, irrespective of their disease condition. They help prevent the spread of common infectious microorganisms to healthcare workers, patients, and visitors in all healthcare settings.
Hand hygiene is the most crucial means to prevent the transmission of disease. Employers are legally required to provide their workers with personal protective equipment (PPE) to minimize exposure or contact with...
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Healthcare Associated Infections II: Preventive Measures01:22

Healthcare Associated Infections II: Preventive Measures

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Essential infection prevention measures are based on the knowledge of the infection chain, the modes of transmission in healthcare settings, and the use of the best practices in all healthcare settings. Compulsory public reporting of healthcare-associated infection rates is needed to allow individuals and the community to make informed choices regarding selecting a healthcare facility.
The best practices for preventing healthcare-associated infections include hand hygiene, patient risk...
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Blood Typing01:10

Blood Typing

6.0K
Understanding an individual's blood group is a critical component of transfusion medicine. It ensures compatibility in blood transfusions, organ transplants, and even during pregnancy. Determining these blood groups involves the ABO and Rh blood typing systems, utilizing specific antigens and corresponding anti-sera to identify an individual's blood type.
Antigens are protein molecules that reside on the surface of red blood cells (RBCs). The ABO and Rh blood typing systems target...
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Treatment of Platelet Products with Riboflavin and UV Light: Effectiveness Against High Titer Bacterial Contamination
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[Blood transfusion: control of infectious risks].

Syria Laperche1, Jean-Jacques Lefrère2, Pascal Morel3

  • 1Centre national de référence des hépatites B et C et du VIH en transfusion, Institut national de la transfusion sanguine, 75015 Paris, France.

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Blood transfusion safety has greatly improved due to advanced pathogen testing, making transfusion-transmitted infections rare. However, emerging infectious diseases and recipient immunity still pose residual risks, necessitating ongoing safety interventions.

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Area of Science:

  • Transfusion Medicine
  • Infectious Disease Epidemiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Blood supply safety involves multiple protective measures, including donor screening and advanced pathogen testing.
  • Significant progress in identifying and testing for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis C (HCV), and Human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV) has enhanced safety.
  • Transfusion-transmitted infections are now rare in high-income countries due to serological and molecular testing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the residual risks of infectious disease transmission via blood transfusion.
  • To discuss additional interventions for further reducing transfusion-related infectious risks.
  • To highlight the impact of recipient immune status on transfusion-transmitted disease outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on blood safety measures and transfusion-transmitted infections.
  • Analysis of pathogen discovery and blood testing advancements over the past three decades.
  • Examination of interventions including donor education, deferral, blood testing, pathogen reduction, and patient blood management.

Main Results:

  • While transfusion-transmitted infections are rare, untested or emerging pathogens present a residual risk.
  • Recipient immune status significantly influences the outcome of transfusion-transmitted infections.
  • Current blood safety strategies encompass donor selection, rigorous testing, pathogen reduction, and patient blood management.

Conclusions:

  • Despite advancements, complete control of infectious disease transmission through transfusion is not yet achieved.
  • Ongoing vigilance and implementation of additional safety interventions are crucial to minimize residual risks.
  • A multi-faceted approach, including robust testing and pathogen reduction, is essential for maintaining blood supply safety.